Board of Directors
The Board of Directors of HSBC Holdings (the 'Board') exists to promote the long-term success of the Company and deliver sustainable value to our shareholders. Led by the Group Chairman, it sets the strategy and risk appetite for the Group and approves capital and operating plans presented by management for the achievement of the strategic objectives. Implementation of the strategy is delegated to the Group Management Board ('GMB') which, in turn, is led by the Group Chief Executive.
Directors
HSBC Holdings has a unitary Board. The authority of the Directors is exercised in Board meetings where the Board acts collectively. The Directors who served during the year were Kathleen Casey (appointed 1 March 2014), Safra Catz, Laura Cha, Marvin Cheung (retired 1 August 2014), John Coombe (retired 23 May 2014), Lord Evans of Weardale, Joachim Faber, Rona Fairhead, Renato Fassbind (retired 1 September 2014), Douglas Flint, Stuart Gulliver, James Hughes-Hallett (retired 23 May 2014), Sam Laidlaw, John Lipsky, Rachel Lomax, Iain Mackay, Heidi Miller (appointed 1 September 2014), Marc Moses (appointed 1 January 2014), Sir Simon Robertson and Jonathan Symonds (appointed 14 April 2014).
Phillip Ameen was appointed with effect from 1 January 2015.
At the date of approval of the Annual Report and Accounts 2014, the Board comprised the Group Chairman, Group Chief Executive, Group Finance Director, Group Chief Risk Officer and 13 non‑executive Directors.
The names and brief biographical details of the Directors are included on pages 264 to 268.
Executive Directors
The Group Chairman, Group Chief Executive, Group Finance Director and Group Chief Risk Officer are HSBC employees.
Non-executive Directors
Non-executive Directors are not HSBC employees and do not participate in the daily management of HSBC; they bring an independent perspective, constructively challenge and help develop proposals on strategy, scrutinise the performance of management in meeting agreed goals and objectives and monitor the Group's risk profile and the reporting of performance. The non-executive Directors bring a wide variety of experience from the public and private sectors, including the leadership of large complex multinational enterprises.
Non-executive Directors' terms of appointment
The Board has determined the minimum time commitment expected of non-executive Directors to be about 30 days per annum. Time devoted to the Company could be considerably more, particularly if serving on Board committees.
Non-executive Directors are appointed for an initial three-year term and, subject to re-election by shareholders at annual general meetings, are typically expected to serve two three-year terms. The Board may invite a director to serve additional periods. All Directors are subject to annual election by shareholders.
Letters setting out the terms of appointment of each of the non-executive Directors are available for inspection at the Company's registered office.
Group Chairman and Group Chief Executive
The roles of Group Chairman and Group Chief Executive are separate, with a clear division of responsibilities between the running of the Board and the executive responsibility for running HSBC's business. Descriptions of the roles and responsibilities of the Group Chairman and the Group Chief Executive are available at www.hsbc.com/investor-relations/governance/board-committees. Their key responsibilities are set out below.
Key responsibilities
Group Chairman - Douglas Flint |
· Leads the Board and ensures its effectiveness. · Develops relationships with governments, regulators and investors. · Leads the Group's interactions on matters of public policy and regulatory reform with regard to the banking and financial services industry. · Maintains corporate reputation and character. · Undertakes performance management of the Group Chief Executive. |
Group Chief Executive - Stuart Gulliver |
· Develops, and delivers performance against, business plans. · Develops Group strategy, in agreement with the Group Chairman, for recommendation to the Board. · As Chairman of the GMB, drives performance within strategic goals and commercial objectives agreed by the Board. |
Deputy Chairman and senior independent non‑executive Director
A description of the roles and responsibilities of the Deputy Chairman and senior independent non-executive Director, which has been approved by the Board, is available at www.hsbc.com/investor-relations/governance/board-committees. His key responsibilities are set out below.
Key responsibilities
Deputy Chairman and senior independent non-executive
Director - Sir Simon Robertson |
· Deputises for the Group Chairman at meetings of the Board or shareholders and supports the Group Chairman in his role. · Acts as an intermediary for other non-executive Directors when necessary. · Leads the non-executive Directors in the oversight of the Group Chairman. · Ensures there is a clear division of responsibility between the Group Chairman and Group Chief Executive. |
Appointment, retirement and re-election of Directors
The Board may at any time appoint any person who is willing to act as a Director, either to fill a vacancy or as an addition to the existing Board, but the total number of Directors shall not be less than five or exceed 25. Any Director so appointed by the Board shall retire at the Annual General Meeting following his or her appointment and shall be eligible for election but would not be taken into account in determining the number of Directors who are to retire by rotation at such meeting in accordance with the Articles of Association. The Board may appoint any Director to hold any employment or executive office and may revoke or terminate any such appointment. Shareholders may, by ordinary resolution, appoint a person a Director or remove any Director before the expiration of his or her period of office. On the recommendation of the Nomination Committee and in compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code, the Board has decided that all of the Directors should be subject to annual re-election by shareholders. Accordingly, all of the Directors will retire at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting and offer themselves for election or re-election.
Powers of the Board
The Board is responsible for overseeing the management of HSBC globally and, in so doing, may exercise its powers, subject to any relevant laws and regulations and to the Articles. The Board has adopted terms of reference which are available at www.hsbc.com/1/2/ about/board-of-directors. The Board reviews its terms of reference annually.
In particular, the Board may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or
charge all or any part of the undertaking, property or assets (present or future) of HSBC Holdings and may also exercise any of the powers conferred on it by the Companies Act 2006 and/or by shareholders. The Board is able to delegate and confer on any executive Director any of its powers, authorities and discretions (including the power to sub-delegate) for such time and on such terms as it thinks fits. In addition, the Board may establish any local or divisional boards or agencies for managing the business of HSBC Holdings in any specified locality and delegate and confer on any local or divisional board, manager or agent so appointed any of its powers, authorities and discretions (including the power to sub-delegate) for such time and on such terms as it thinks fit. The Board may also, by power of attorney or otherwise, appoint any person or persons to be the agent of HSBC Holdings and may delegate to any such person or persons any of its powers, authorities and discretions (including the power to sub-delegate) for such time and on such terms as it thinks fit.
The Board delegates the day-to-day management of HSBC Holdings to the GMB but reserves to itself approval of certain matters including operating plans, risk appetite and performance targets, procedures for monitoring and controlling operations, credit, market risk limits, acquisitions, disposals, investments, capital expenditure or realisation or creation of a new venture, specified senior appointments and any substantial change in balance sheet management policy.
HSBC Holdings was registered in Hong Kong under part XI of the Companies Ordinance on 17 January 1991.
Board meetings
Eight Board meetings and two one-day strategy meetings were held in 2014. At least one Board meeting each year is held in a key strategic location outside the UK. During 2014, Board meetings were held in Hong Kong and Beijing.
The table below shows each Director's attendance at meetings of the Board during 2014.
During 2014, the non-executive Directors and the Group Chairman met once without the other executive Directors. The non-executive Directors also met four times without the Group Chairman, including to appraise the Group Chairman's performance.
2014 Board attendance record
|
|
Meetings attended |
|
Meetings eligible to attend as a Director |
|
|
|
|
|
Kathleen Casey1,8 |
|
5 |
|
5 |
Safra Catz |
|
8 |
|
8 |
Laura Cha |
|
8 |
|
8 |
Marvin Cheung2 |
|
4 |
|
5 |
John Coombe3 |
|
4 |
|
4 |
Lord Evans of Weardale8 |
|
7 |
|
7 |
Joachim Faber |
|
8 |
|
8 |
Rona Fairhead8 |
|
7 |
|
7 |
Renato Fassbind4 |
|
7 |
|
7 |
Douglas Flint |
|
8 |
|
8 |
Stuart Gulliver |
|
8 |
|
8 |
James Hughes-Hallett3 |
|
4 |
|
4 |
Sam Laidlaw |
|
8 |
|
8 |
John Lipsky8 |
|
7 |
|
7 |
Rachel Lomax |
|
8 |
|
8 |
Iain Mackay |
|
8 |
|
8 |
Heidi Miller5,8 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
Marc Moses6 |
|
8 |
|
8 |
Sir Simon Robertson |
|
8 |
|
8 |
Jonathan Symonds7 |
|
6 |
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Meetings held in 20148 |
|
|
|
8 |
1 Appointed a Director on 1 March 2014.
2 Retired as a Director on 1 August 2014.
3 Retired as a Director on 23 May 2014.
4 Retired as a Director on 1 September 2014.
5 Appointed a Director on 1 September 2014.
6 Appointed a Director on 1 January 2014.
7 Appointed a Director on 14 April 2014.
8 A meeting was called at short notice. Those Directors not able to attend were briefed prior to the meeting.
Board balance and independence of Directors
The Board comprises a majority of independent non-executive Directors. The size of the Board is considered to be appropriate given the complexity and geographical spread of our business and the significant time demands placed on the Directors.
The Nomination Committee regularly reviews the structure, size and composition of the Board (including skills, knowledge, experience, independence and diversity) and makes recommendations to the Board with regard to any changes.
The Board has adopted a policy on Board diversity which is consistent with the Group's strategic focus on ethnicity, age and gender diversity for the employee base. Further information on the Board diversity policy can be found on page 285.
The Board considers all of the non-executive Directors to be independent. When determining independence the Board considers that calculation of the length of service of a non-executive Director begins on the date of his or her election by shareholders following their appointment as a Director of HSBC Holdings. Rona Fairhead has served on the Board for more than nine years and, in that respect only, does not meet the usual criteria for independence set out in the UK Corporate Governance Code. The Board has determined Rona Fairhead to be independent in character and judgement, notwithstanding her length of service, taking into account her continuing level of constructive challenge of management and strong contribution to Board discussions. Rona Fairhead will stand for re-election at the 2015 Annual General Meeting. It is our view that the experience of current and previous service on an HSBC subsidiary company board can be a considerable benefit but that such service does not detract from a non-executive Director's independence. The Board has concluded that there are no relationships or circumstances which are likely to affect a non-executive Director's judgement and any relationships or circumstances which could appear to do so are not considered to be material.
In accordance with the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, each non-executive Director determined by the Board to be independent has provided an annual confirmation of his or her independence.
Information and support
The Board regularly reviews reports on performance against financial and other strategic objectives, business developments and investor and external relations. The chairmen of Board committees and the Group Chief Executive report to each meeting of the Board on the activities of the committees since the previous Board meeting. The Board receives regular reports and presentations on strategy and developments in the global businesses and principal geographical areas. Regular reports are also provided on the Group's risk appetite, top and emerging risks, risk management, credit exposures and the Group's loan portfolio, asset and liability management, liquidity, litigation, financial and regulatory compliance and reputational issues.
The Directors have free and open contact with management at all levels. When attending Board offsite meetings and when travelling for other reasons, non-executive Directors are encouraged to take opportunities to see local business operations at first hand and to meet local management.
Role of the Group Company Secretary
All Directors have access to the advice and services of the Group Company Secretary, who is responsible to the Board for ensuring that Board procedures and all applicable rules and regulations are complied with.
Under the direction of the Group Chairman, the Group Company Secretary's responsibilities include ensuring good information flows within the Board and its committees and between senior management and non-executive Directors, as well as facilitating induction and assisting with professional development as required.
The Group Company Secretary is responsible for advising the Board through the Group Chairman on corporate governance matters.
The agenda and supporting papers are distributed in advance of all Board and Board committee meetings to allow time for appropriate review and to facilitate full discussion at the meetings. All Directors have full and timely access to all relevant information and may take independent professional advice if necessary at HSBC Holdings' expense.
Induction
Formal, tailored induction programmes are arranged for newly appointed Directors. The programmes are based on an individual Director's needs and vary according to the skills and experience of each Director. Typical induction programmes consist of a series of meetings with other Directors and senior executives to enable new Directors to familiarise themselves with the business. Directors also receive comprehensive guidance from the Group Company Secretary on directors' duties and liabilities.
Training and development
We provide training and development for Directors with sessions often arranged in conjunction with scheduled Board meetings. Executive Directors develop and refresh their skills and knowledge through day-to-day interactions and briefings with senior management of the Group's businesses and functions. Non-executive Directors have access to internal training and development resources and personalised training is provided where necessary. All newly appointed Directors attended a tailored induction programme. The Chairman regularly reviews the training and development of each Director.
During the year, Directors received training on the following topics:
· The Dodd-Frank Act;
· UK Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2014 including Senior Managers Regime; and
· the changing financial and regulatory reporting landscape.
The table below shows a summary of training and development undertaken by each Director during 2014.
A third and final review was facilitated by Bvalco during the year, providing continuity and allowing for progress against prior year themes to be evaluated.
Director performance evaluation
Evaluation of the individual performance of each non-executive Director is undertaken annually by the Group Chairman. During this evaluation, the Group Chairman discusses the individual contribution of the Director, explores training and development needs, seeks input on areas where the Director feels he or she could make a greater contribution and discusses whether the time commitment required of the Director can continue to be delivered. Based upon their individual evaluation, the Group Chairman has confirmed that all of the non-executive Directors continue to perform effectively, contribute positively to the governance of HSBC and demonstrate full commitment to their roles.
Evaluation of the individual performance of each executive Director is undertaken as part of the performance management process for all employees, the results of which are considered by the Group Remuneration Committee when determining variable pay awards each year.
The non-executive Directors, led by the Deputy Chairman and senior independent non-executive Director, are responsible for the evaluation of the performance of the Group Chairman.
The Board monitors the implementation of actions arising from each performance evaluation.
It is the intention of the Board to continue to undertake an evaluation of its performance and that of its committees and individual Directors annually, with independent external input to the process, as appropriate, at least every third year.
Relations with shareholders
All Directors are encouraged to develop an understanding of the views of major shareholders. Non‑executive Directors are invited to attend analyst presentations and other meetings with institutional investors and their representative bodies. Directors also meet representatives of institutional shareholders annually to discuss corporate governance matters.
All executive Directors and certain other senior executives hold regular meetings with institutional investors. The Board receives a regular investor relations activity report which provides feedback from meetings with institutional shareholders and brokers, analysts' forecasts, information from research reports and share price performance data. The Board also receives regular reports from one of our corporate brokers.
The Group's shareholder communication policy is available on www.hsbc.com/governance.
On several occasions during 2014, non-executive Directors, including the Deputy Chairman and senior independent non-executive Director, met or corresponded with institutional investors and their representatives to discuss corporate governance topics and executive remuneration.
As Deputy Chairman and senior independent non-executive Director, Sir Simon Robertson is available to shareholders should they have concerns which contact through the normal channels of Group Chairman, Group Chief Executive, Group Finance Director, Group Chief Risk Officer,or other executives cannot resolve or for which such contact would be inappropriate. He may be contacted through the Group Company Secretary at 8 Canada Square, London E14 5HQ.
Conflicts of interest, indemnification of Directors and contracts of significance
The Board has adopted a policy and procedures relating to Directors' conflicts and potential conflicts of interest and can determine the terms of authorisation for such situations. The Board's powers to authorise conflicts are operating effectively and the procedures are being followed. A review of situational conflicts which have been authorised from time-to-time and the terms of those authorisations are undertaken by the Board annually.
The Articles of Association provide that Directors are entitled to be indemnified out of the assets of HSBC Holdings against claims from third parties in respect of certain liabilities. Such provisions have been in place during the financial year but have not been utilised by the Directors. All Directors have the benefit of directors' and officers' liability insurance.
None of the Directors had, during the year or at the end of the year, a material interest, directly or indirectly, in any contract of significance with any HSBC company.
Corporate governance codes
HSBC is committed to high standards of corporate governance. During 2014, HSBC has complied with the applicable code provisions of: (i) The UK Corporate Governance Code issued by the Financial Reporting Council in September 2012; and (ii) the Hong Kong Corporate Governance Code set out in Appendix 14 to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, save that the Group Risk Committee is responsible for the oversight of internal control (other than internal control over financial reporting) and risk management systems (Hong Kong Corporate Governance Code provision C.3.3 paragraphs (f), (g) and (h)). If there were no Group Risk Committee, these matters would be the responsibility of the Group Audit Committee. The UK Corporate Governance Code is available at www.frc.org.uk and the Hong Kong Corporate Governance Code is available at www.hkex.com.hk.
The Board has adopted a code of conduct for transactions in HSBC Group securities by Directors. The code of conduct complies with The Model Code in the Listing Rules of the FCA and with The Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Issuers ('Hong Kong Model Code') in the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, save that The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited has granted certain waivers from strict compliance with the Hong Kong Model Code. The waivers granted by The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited primarily take into account accepted practices in the UK, particularly in respect of employee share plans. Following specific enquiry, each Director has confirmed that he or she has complied with the code of conduct for transactions in HSBC Group securities throughout the year.
All Directors are routinely reminded of their obligations under the code of conduct for transactions in HSBC Group securities.
