Higher Grade - Shallow Lithium Zones Defined

11 February 2016                                                                                                                        For Immediate Release

 

EUROPEAN METALS HOLDINGS LIMITED

Higher Grade, Shallow Lithium Zones Defined

 

European Metals Holdings Limited ("European Metals" or "the Company") (ASX and AIM: EMH) is pleased to announce that as part of its development of the Cinovec lithium / tin deposit, it has completed a detailed geological model which has identified shallow, higher grade lithium zones. This geological model will be used, along with recent drill results to update the current mineral resource model and allow the company to investigate targeting these areas in the early years of development.

Key Points:

 

·     The geological model shows that higher grade lithium mineralisation is hosted preferentially in greisens.

·     The most substantial greisens are developed on the western side of the deposit and have a gentle plunge from surface to the south

·    The geological model will be used to: -   refine/constrain the existing block model for the Li, Sn and W resource -   allow for the likely conversion of a greater part of the Cinovec resource from Inferred to Indicated category under JORC guidelines. -   allow for initial mine planning and scheduling as the Company progresses the project along the development curve.

·     Assay results for next two drill holes due imminently

 

European Metals CEO Mr Keith Coughlan said "The completion of this very detailed geological model is another step forward in our understanding of the massive Cinovec deposit. The model is based on rock description from an unusually high number of drill holes and underground workings courtesy of the previous mining operation at Cinovec.  This has allowed us to model the somewhat intricate greisen, a rock type that contains the higher grade portions of the lithium mineralisation. The shape and distribution of the greisen bodies puts geological constraints on our existing block model and the inferred resource estimation.  We will use a combination of this model and the Company's drilling to update the resource model in the near term as we believe we can convert a significant amount of our Inferred Resource to the Indicated category. In addition, the model will assist greatly in the planning of future drilling campaigns to target identified higher grade, shallower areas which could assist greatly in the early years of mine life".

Geological Structure of the Cinovec Deposit

The Cinovec deposit has been studied and explored for over 100 years and is relatively well understood.  The lithium-tin-tungsten mineralisation is hosted by a small granite cupola that is sealed off by a competent rhyolite. The deposit formed during late stage magma crystallisation of the granite, when incompatible ore metals remained in vapor-fluid phases that eventually altered the granite into a greisen that contains most of the ore minerals.  The greisens form elongated stacked bodies subparallel with the granite-rhyolite contact.  Because the contact sealed off the fluids, all metals precipitated during cooling in the apical part of the granite, in a zone about 200m wide starting just below the granite-rhyolite contact.

The average grade for the greisen (a quartz-mica-topaz rock completely replacing the original granite) is significantly higher than the surrounding greisenised granite.  A lower degree of alteration produced large volumes of this greisenised granite, where hydrothermal minerals, in particular lithium mica zinnwaldite, replaced some of the originally magmatic minerals.  This volumetrically extensive unit forms most of the upper part of the granite cupola surrounding the greisen bodies.  The greisenised granite is also mineralised in lithium although to a lower degree and in more localised fashion.  The greisens and the greisenised granite are locally cut by quartz veins (usually subparallel with the contact but sometimes steeply dipping) that contain coarse tin and tungsten minerals, cassiterite and wolframite.

(Please refer to the announcement on the European Metals website for the graphic of the Spatial distribution of greisen bodies in the Cinovec deposit - www.europeanmet.com.)

ABOUT THE PROJECT

Cinovec is a globally significant lithium and tin deposit with the potential to be a very low cost producer of lithium carbonate.

 

Key Points

·     Largest lithium deposit in Europe

·     Positive Scoping Study completed

·     Potential to be the lowest cost lithium carbonate producer

·     Centrally located to major European end-users

 

PROJECT OVERVIEW

Cinovec Lithium/Tin Project

European Metals owns 100% of the Exploration Rights to the Cinovec lithium-tin deposit in the Czech Republic. Cinovec is an historic mine incorporating a significant undeveloped lithium-tin resource with by-product potential including tungsten, rubidium, scandium, niobium and tantalum. Cinovec hosts a globally significant hard rock lithium deposit with a total Inferred Mineral Resource of 514.8Mt @ 0.43% Li₂O. Within this resource lies one of the largest undeveloped tin deposits in the world, with total Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources of 79.7Mt grading 0.23% Sn for 183kt of contained tin. The Mineral Resource estimates are based primarily on over 83,000m of historic drilling and 21.5km of historic underground exploration drifting completed by the Czechoslovakian Government from the 1960s through to the 1980s. The deposit has previously had over 400,000 tonnes trial mined as a sub-level open stope underground mining operation.

A Scoping Study conducted by specialist independent consultants indicates the deposit could be amenable to bulk underground mining. Metallurgical testwork has produced both battery grade lithium carbonate and high grade tin concentrate at excellent recoveries with the Scoping Study revealing a potential production cost of approximately $800 per tonne of lithium carbonate including tin and tungsten credits. Cinovec is centrally located for European end-users and is well serviced by infrastructure, with a sealed road adjacent to the deposit, rail lines located 5km north and 8km south of the deposit and an active 22kV transmission line running to the historic mine. As the deposit lies in an active mining region, it has strong community support.

COMPETENT PERSON

Information in this release that relates to exploration results is based on information compiled by European Metals Director Dr Pavel Reichl. Dr Reichl is a Certified Professional Geologist (certified by the American Institute of Professional Geologists), a member of the American Institute of Professional Geologists, a Fellow of the Society of Economic Geologists and is a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Minerals Resources and Ore Reserves and a Qualified Person for the purposes of the AIM Guidance Note on Mining and Oil & Gas Companies dated June 2009. Dr Reichl consents to the inclusion in the release of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears. Dr Reichl holds CDIs in European Metals.

The information in this release that relates to Mineral Resources and Exploration Targets has been compiled by Mr Lynn Widenbar. Mr Widenbar, who is a Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, is a full time employee of Widenbar and Associates and produced the estimate based on data and geological information supplied by European Metals. Mr Widenbar has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity that he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the JORC Code 2012 Edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Minerals Resources and Ore Reserves. Mr Widenbar consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on his information in the form and context that the information appears.

CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Information included in this release constitutes forward-looking statements. Often, but not always, forward looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward looking words such as "may", "will", "expect", "intend", "plan", "estimate", "anticipate", "continue", and "guidance", or other similar words and may include, without limitation, statements regarding plans, strategies and objectives of management, anticipated production or construction commencement dates and expected costs or production outputs.

Forward looking statements inherently involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the company's actual results, performance and achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements. Relevant factors may include, but are not limited to, changes in commodity prices, foreign exchange fluctuations and general economic conditions, increased costs and demand for production inputs, the speculative nature of exploration and project development, including the risks of obtaining necessary licences and permits and diminishing quantities or grades of reserves, political and social risks, changes to the regulatory framework within which the company operates or may in the future operate, environmental conditions including extreme weather conditions, recruitment and retention of personnel, industrial relations issues and litigation.

Forward looking statements are based on the company and its management's good faith assumptions relating to the financial, market, regulatory and other relevant environments that will exist and affect the company's business and operations in the future. The company does not give any assurance that the assumptions on which forward looking statements are based will prove to be correct, or that the company's business or operations will not be affected in any material manner by these or other factors not foreseen or foreseeable by the company or management or beyond the company's control.

Although the company attempts and has attempted to identify factors that would cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those disclosed in forward looking statements, there may be other factors that could cause actual results, performance, achievements or events not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended, and many events are beyond the reasonable control of the company. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward looking statements. Forward looking statements in these materials speak only at the date of issue. Subject to any continuing obligations under applicable law or any relevant stock exchange listing rules, in providing this information the company does not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any of the forward looking statements or to advise of any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

LITHIUM CLASSIFICATION AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Lithium grades are normally presented in percentages or parts per million (ppm). Grades of deposits are also expressed as lithium compounds in percentages, for example as a per cent. lithium oxide (Li₂O) content or per cent. lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) content.

Lithium carbonate equivalent ("LCE") is the industry standard terminology for, and is equivalent to, Li₂CO₃. Use of LCE is to provide data comparable with industry reports and is the total equivalent amount of lithium carbonate, assuming the lithium content in the deposit is converted to lithium carbonate, using the conversion rates in the table included further below to get an equivalent Li₂CO₃ value in per cent. Use of LCE assumes 100% recovery and no process losses in the extraction of Li₂CO₃ from the deposit.

Lithium resources and reserves are usually presented in tonnes of LCE or Li.

To convert the Li Inferred Mineral Resource of 514.8Mt @ 0.20% Li grade (as per the Competent Persons Report dated 2 November 2015) to Li₂O, the reported Li grade of 0.20% is multiplied by the standard conversion factor of 2.153 which results in an equivalent Li₂O grade of 0.43%.

The standard conversion factors are set out in the table below:

Table: Conversion Factors for Lithium Compounds and Minerals

Convert from		Convert to Li	Convert to Li2O	Convert to Li2CO3
Lithium	Li	1.000	2.153	5.323
Lithium Oxide	Li2O	0.464	1.000	2.473
Lithium Carbonate	Li2CO3	0.188	0.404	1.000

 

Website

A copy of this announcement is available from the Company's website at www.europeanmet.com.

TECHNICAL GLOSSARY

The following is a summary of technical terms:

"carbonate"	refers to a carbonate mineral such as calcite CaCO3
"cut-off grade"	lowest grade of mineralised material considered economic, used in the calculation of ore resources
"deposit"	coherent geological body such as a mineralised body
"exploration"	method by which ore deposits are evaluated
"g/t"	gramme per metric tonne
"grade"	relative quantity or the percentage of ore mineral or metal content in an ore body
"Indicated" or "Indicated Mineral Resource"	as defined in the JORC and SAMREC Codes, is that part of a Mineral Resource which has been sampled by drill holes, underground openings or other sampling procedures at locations that are too widely spaced to ensure continuity but close enough to give a reasonable indication of continuity and where geoscientific data are known with a reasonable degree of reliability. An Indicated Mineral Resource will be based on more data and therefore will be more reliable than an Inferred Mineral Resource estimate
"Inferred" or "Inferred Mineral Resource"	as defined in the JORC and SAMREC Codes, is that part of a Mineral Resource for which the tonnage and grade and mineral content can be estimated with a low level of confidence. It is inferred from the geological evidence and has assumed but not verified geological and/or grade continuity. It is based on information gathered through the appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, working and drill holes which may be limited or of uncertain quality and reliability
"JORC Code"	Joint Ore Reserve Committee Code; the Committee is convened under the auspices of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
"Kt"	thousand tonnes
"LCE"	the total equivalent amount of lithium carbonate (see explanation below entitled Explanation of Lithium Classification and Conversion Factors)
"lithium"	a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali group, the lightest of all metals
"lithium carbonate"	the lithium salt of carbonate with the formula Li2CO3
"metallurgical"	describing the science concerned with the production, purification and properties of metals and their applications
"Mineral Resource"	a concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the Earth's crust in such a form that there are reasonable prospects for the eventual economic extraction; the location, quantity, grade geological characteristics and continuity of a mineral resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge; mineral resources are sub-divided into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories
"mineralisation"	process of formation and concentration of elements and their chemical compounds within a mass or body of rock
"Mt"	million tonnes
"ppm"	parts per million
"recovery"	proportion of valuable material obtained in the processing of an ore, stated as a percentage of the material recovered compared with the total material present
"resources"	Measured: a mineral resource intersected and tested by drill holes, underground openings or other sampling procedures at locations which are spaced closely enough to confirm continuity and where geoscientific data are reliably known; a measured mineral resource estimate will be based on a substantial amount of reliable data, interpretation and evaluation which allows a clear determination to be made of shapes, sizes, densities and grades. Indicated: a mineral resource sampled by drill holes, underground openings or other sampling procedures at locations too widely spaced to ensure continuity but close enough to give a reasonable indication of continuity and where geoscientific data are known with a reasonable degree of reliability; an indicated resource will be based on more data, and therefore will be more reliable than an inferred resource estimate. Inferred: a mineral resource inferred from geoscientific evidence, underground openings or other sampling procedures where the lack of data is such that continuity cannot be predicted with confidence and where geoscientific data may not be known with a reasonable level of reliability
"stope"	underground excavation within the orebody where the main production takes place
"t"	a metric tonne
"tin"	A tetragonal mineral, rare; soft; malleable: bluish white, found chiefly in cassiterite, SnO2
"treatment"	Physical or chemical treatment to extract the valuable metals/minerals
"tungsten"	hard, brittle, white or grey metallic element. Chemical symbol, W; also known as wolfram
"W"	chemical symbol for tungsten

 

 

ADDITIONAL GEOLOGICAL TERMS

"apical"		relating to denoting an apex
"cassiterite"	A mineral, tin dioxide, SnO2. Ore of tin with specific gravity 7
"cupola"	A dome-shaped projection of the igneous rock of a batholith. Many stocks are cupolas on batholiths
"dip"	the true dip of a plane is the angle it makes with the horizontal plane
"granite"	coarse-grained igneous rock dominated by light-coloured minerals, consisting of about 50% orthoclase, 25% quartz, and balance of plagioclase feldspars and ferromagnesian silicates
"greisen"	A pneumatolitically altered granitic rock composed largely of quartz, mica, and topaz. The mica is usually muscovite or lepidolite. Tourmaline, fluorite, rutile, cassiterite, and wolframite are common accessory minerals
"igneous"	said of a rock or mineral that solidified from molten or partly molten material, i.e., from a magma
"muscovite"	also known as potash mica; formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2.
"quartz"	a mineral composed of silicon dioxide, SiO2
"rhyolite"		An igneous, volcanic rock of felsic (silica rich) composition.  Typically >69% SiO2
"vein"	a tabular deposit of minerals occupying a fracture, in which particles may grow away from the walls towards the middle
"wolframite"	A mineral, (Fe,Mn)WO4; within the huebnerite-ferberite series
"zinnwaldite"	A mineral, KLiFeAl(AlSi3)O10 (F,OH)2; mica group; basal cleavage; pale violet, yellowish or greyish brown; in granites, pegmatites, and greisens

 

 

ENQUIRIES:

European Metals Holdings Limited Keith Coughlan, Chief Executive Officer     Kiran Morzaria, Non-Executive Director   Julia Beckett, Company Secretary	Tel: +61 (0) 419 996 333 Email: [email protected]   Tel: +44 (0) 20 7440 0647   Tel: +61 (0) 6141 3504 Email: [email protected]
Beaumont Cornish (Nomad & Broker) Michael Cornish Roland Cornish	Tel: +44 (0) 20 7628 3396

 

 

Table 1

Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data

Criteria	JORC Code explanation	Commentary
Sampling techniques	·     Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling. ·     Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used. ·     Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report. ·     In cases where 'industry standard' work has been done this would be relatively simple (eg 'reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay'). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information.	·     As previously, the Company is conducting its core drilling program and collecting samples from core splits in line with JORC Code 2012 Edition guidelines.  Sample intervals honour geological or visible mineralisation boundaries.  ·     Between 1952 and 1989, the Cinovec deposit was sampled in two ways: in drill core and underground channel samples. ·     Channel samples, from drift ribs and faces, were collected during detailed exploration between 1952 and 1989 by Geoindustria n.p. and Rudne Doly n.p., both Czechoslovak State companies. Sample length was 1 m, channel 10x5cm, sample mass about 15kg. Up to 1966, samples were collected using hammer and chisel; from 1966 a small drill (Holman Hammer) was used. 14179 samples were collected and transported to a crushing facility. ·     Core and channel samples were crushed in two steps: to -5mm, then to -0.5mm. 100g splits were obtained and pulverized to -0.045mm for analysis.
Drilling techniques	·     Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (e.g. core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc).	·     Current program is conventional and wireline core drilling of the deposit with percussion precollars. ·     The current core size is HQ3 (62mm diameter) in upper parts of holes; in deeper sections the core size is reduced to NQ3 (44mm diameter). Core recovery is high (average exceeds 95%). ·     Historically only core drilling was employed, either from surface or from underground.  ·     Surface drilling: 80 holes, total 30,340 meters; vertical and inclined, maximum depth 1596m (structural hole). Core diameters from 220mm near surface to 110 mm at depth. Average core recovery 89.3%. ·     Underground drilling: 766 holes for 53,126m; horizontal and inclined. Core diameter 46mm; drilled by Craelius XC42 or DIAMEC drills.
Drill sample recovery	·     Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed. ·     Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples. ·     Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material.	·     Core recovery for historical surface drill holes was recorded on drill logs and entered into the database. ·     No correlation between grade and core recovery was established.
Logging	·     Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies. ·     Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography. ·     The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged.	·     The core descriptions are recorded into paper logging forms by hand and later entered into an Excel database. ·     The historic core was logged in detail in a facility 6 km from the mine site.  The following features were logged and recorded in paper logs: lithology, alteration (including intensity divided into weak, medium and strong/pervasive), and occurrence of potentially economic minerals expressed in %, macroscopic description of congruous intervals and structures and core recovery.
Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation	·     If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken. ·     If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry. ·     For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. ·     Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples. ·     Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling. ·     Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled.	·     Core is washed, photographed, geologically logged, sample intervals determined and marked then the core is cut in half. One half is delivered to ALS Global for assaying after duplicates, blanks and standards are inserted in the sample stream. The remaining drill core is stored on site for reference. ·     Sample preparation is carried out by ALS Global in Romania, using industry standard techniques appropriate for the style of mineralisation represented at Cinovec. ·     Historically, core was either split or consumed entirely for analyses. ·     Samples are considered to be representative. ·     Sample size and grains size are deemed appropriate for the analytical techniques used.
Quality of assay data and laboratory tests	·     The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total. ·     For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc. ·     Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been established.	·     Core samples are assayed by ALS Global. The most appropriate analytical methods were determined by results of tests using various analytical techniques. ·     The following analytical methods are used: ME-MS81 (lithium borate fusion or 4 acid digest, ICP-MS finish) for a suite of elements including Sn and W and ME-4ACD81 (4 acid digest, ICP-AES finish) additional elements including lithium. Samples with over 1% tin are analysed by XRF. ·     Standards, blanks and duplicates are inserted into the sample stream.  In 2014 initial tin standard results indicated possible downgrading bias; the laboratory repeated the analysis with satisfactory results.  ·     Historically, tin content was measured by XRF and using wet chemical methods. W and Li were analysed by spectral methods. ·     Analytical QA was internal and external.  The former subjected 5% of the sample to repeat analysis in the same facility.  10% of samples were analysed in another laboratory, also located in Czechoslovakia. The QA/QC procedures were set to the State norms and are considered adequate. It is unknown whether external standards or sample duplicates were used. ·     Overall accuracy of sampling and assaying was proved later by test mining and reconciliation of mined and analysed grades.
Verification of sampling and assaying	·     The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel. ·     The use of twinned holes. ·     Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. ·     Discuss any adjustment to assay data.	·     During the 2014 drill campaign the Company indirectly verified grades of tin and lithium by comparing the length and grade of mineral intercepts with the current block model.
Location of data points	·     Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. ·     Specification of the grid system used. ·     Quality and adequacy of topographic control.	·     The drill collar locations are surveyed by a registered surveyor. ·     Down hole surveys are carried out by a contractor. ·     Historically, drill hole collars were surveyed with a great degree of precision by the mine survey crew. ·     Hole locations are recorded in the local S-JTSK Krovak grid. ·     Topographic control is excellent.
Data spacing and distribution	·     Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. ·     Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. ·     Whether sample compositing has been applied.	·     Historical data density is very high.  ·     Spacing is sufficient to establish Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources (see notes on classification below). The Mineral Resource was initially estimated using MICROMINE software in Perth, 2012 and updated in 2015. ·     Areas with lower coverage of Li% assays have been identified as exploration targets. ·     Sample compositing has not been applied.
Orientation of data in relation to geological structure	·     Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type. ·     If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material.	·     Drill hole azimuth and dip is planned to intercept the mineralized zones at near-true thickness.  As the mineralized zones dip shallowly to the south, drill holes are vertical or near vertical and directed to the north. ·     The Company has not directly collected any samples underground because the workings are inaccessible at this time.  ·     Based on historic reports, level plan maps, sections and core logs, the samples were collected in an unbiased fashion, systematically on two underground levels from drift ribs and faces, as well as from underground holes drilled perpendicular to the drift directions.  The sample density is adequate for the style of deposit. ·     Multiple samples were taken and analysed by the Company from the historic tailing repository. Only lithium was analysed (Sn and W too low).  The results matched the historic grades.
Sample security	·     The measures taken to ensure sample security.	·     As in the 2014 program, only the Company's employees and contractors handle drill core and conduct sampling. The core is collected from the drill rig each day and transported in a company vehicle to the secure Company premises where it is photographed, logged and cut.  Company geologists supervise the process and log/sample the core.   The samples are transported by Company personnel in a Company vehicle to the ALS Global laboratory pick-up station. The remaining core is stored under lock and key. ·     Historically, sample security was ensured by State norms applied to exploration.  The State norms were similar to currently accepted best practice and JORC Code guidelines for sample security.
Audits or reviews	·     The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data.	·     Review of sampling techniques possible from written records. No flaws found.

Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results

Criteria	JORC Code explanation	Commentary
Mineral tenement and land tenure status	·     Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings. ·     The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area.	·     Cinovec exploration rights held under two licenses Cinovec and Cinovec 2.  Former expires 30/7/2019, the latter 31/12/2020. ·     100% owned, no royalties, native interests or environmental concerns. ·     There are no known impediments to obtaining an Exploitation Permit for the defined resource.
Exploration done by other parties	·     Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties.	·     There has been no acknowledgment or appraisal of exploration by other parties.
Geology	·     Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation.	·     Cinovec is a granite-hosted tin-tungsten-lithium deposit. ·     Late Variscan age, alkalic rift-related granite. ·     Tin and tungsten occur in oxide minerals (cassiterite and wolframite). Lithium occurs in zinnwaldite, a Li-rich muscovite ·     Mineralisation in a small granite cupola.  Vein and greisen type. Alteration is greisenisation, silicification.
Drill hole Information	·     A summary of all information material to the understanding of the exploration results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill holes: o  easting and northing of the drill hole collar o  elevation or RL (Reduced Level - elevation above sea level in metres) of the drill hole collar o  dip and azimuth of the hole o  down hole length and interception depth o  hole length. ·     If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why this is the case.	·     Reported previously.
Data aggregation methods	·     In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated. ·     Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail. ·     The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be clearly stated.	·     Reporting of exploration results has not and will not include aggregate intercepts. ·     Metal equivalent not used in reporting. ·     No grade truncations applied.
Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths	·     These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results. ·     If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. ·     If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg 'down hole length, true width not known').	·     Intercept widths are approximate true widths, unless noted. ·     The mineralization is mostly of disseminated nature and relatively homogeneous; the orientation of samples is of limited impact.  ·     For higher grade veins care was taken to drill at angles ensuring closeness of intercept length and true widths ·     The block model accounts for variations between apparent and true dip.
Diagrams	·     Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views.	·     Appropriate maps and sections have been generated by the Company, and independent consultants. Available in customary vector and raster outputs, and partially in consultant's reports.
Balanced reporting	·     Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results.	·     Balanced reporting in historic reports guaranteed by norms and standards, verified in 1997, and 2012 by independent consultants. ·     The historic reporting was completed by several State institutions and cross validated.
Other substantive exploration data	·     Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples - size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances.	·     Data available: bulk density for all representative rock and ore types; petrographic and mineralogical studies, hydrological information, hardness, moisture content, fragmentation etc.
Further work	·     The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). ·     Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive.	·     Grade verification sampling from underground or drilling from surface (in progress).  Historically-reported grades require modern validation in order to improve the resource classification. ·     The number and location of sample sites have been determined from a 3D wireframe model and geostatistical considerations reflecting grade continuity.  ·     The geologic model will be used to determine if infill drilling is required. ·     The deposit is open down-dip on the southern extension, and locally poorly constrained at its western and eastern extensions, where limited additional drilling might be required.   ·     No large scale drilling campaigns are required.

Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources

Criteria	JORC Code explanation	Commentary
Database integrity	·     Measures taken to ensure that data has not been corrupted by, for example, transcription or keying errors, between its initial collection and its use for Mineral Resource estimation purposes. ·     Data validation procedures used.	·     Assay and geologic data were compiled by the Company staff from primary historic records, such as copies of drill logs and large scale sample location maps. ·     Sample data were entered in to Excel spreadsheets by Company staff in Prague. ·     The database entry process was supervised by a Professional Geologist who works for the Company. ·     The database was checked by independent competent persons (Lynn Widenbar of Widenbar & Associates, Phil Newell of Wardell Armstrong International).
Site visits	·     Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent Person and the outcome of those visits. ·     If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the case.	·     The site was visited by Mr Pavel Reichl who has identified the previous shaft sites, tails dams and observed the mineralisation underground through an adjacent mine working.
Geological interpretation	·     Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of) the geological interpretation of the mineral deposit. ·     Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. ·     The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral Resource estimation. ·     The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Resource estimation. ·     The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology.	·     The overall geology of the deposit is relatively simple and well understood due to excellent data control from surface and underground. ·     Nature of data: underground mapping, structural measurements, detailed core logging, 3D data synthesis on plans and maps. ·     Geological continuity is good.  The grade is highest and shows most variability in quartz veins. ·     Grade correlates with degree of silicification and greisenisation of the host granite. ·     The primary control is the granite-country rock contact.  All mineralization is in the uppermost 300m of the granite and is truncated by the contact.
Dimensions	·     The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource expressed as length (along strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below surface to the upper and lower limits of the Mineral Resource.	·     The Cinovec South deposit strikes north-south, is elongate and dips gently south parallel to the upper granite contact.  The surface projection of mineralization is about 1.8km long and 1km wide. ·     Mineralization is about 200m thick, extending from surface to about 500m below surface.
Estimation and modelling techniques	·     The nature and appropriateness of the estimation technique(s) applied and key assumptions, including treatment of extreme grade values, domaining, interpolation parameters and maximum distance of extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted estimation method was chosen include a description of computer software and parameters used. ·     The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or mine production records and whether the Mineral Resource estimate takes appropriate account of such data. ·     The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products. ·     Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables of economic significance (e.g. sulphur for acid mine drainage characterisation). ·     In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in relation to the average sample spacing and the search employed. ·     Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units. ·     Any assumptions about correlation between variables. ·     Description of how the geological interpretation was used to control the resource estimates. ·     Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping. ·     The process of validation, the checking process used, the comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use of reconciliation data if available.	·     Block estimation was carried out in Micromine using Inverse Distance Cubed (ID3) interpolation. ·     The upper granite contact was interpolated as a surface from drill hole data. ·     A geological domain model was then generated using an Indicator Methodology which divided the data into greisen and granite domains beneath the granite contact. This was used to assign density to the model (2.57 for granite, 2.70 for greisen and 2.60 for all other material). ·     Analysis of sample lengths indicated that compositing to 1m was necessary. ·     Search ellipse sizes and orientations for the estimation were based on drill hole spacing and the known orientations of mineralisation. ·     An "unfolding" search strategy was used which allowed the search ellipse orientation to vary with the locally changing dip and strike. ·     ID3 Indicator modelling at 0.1% Sn threshold was used to generate a solid model of Sn mineralisation. ·     ID3 Indicator modelling at 0.08% Li threshold was used to generate a solid model of Li mineralisation. ·     After statistical analysis, a top cut of 5% was applied to both Sn% and Li%. ·     Sn% and Li% were then estimated by ID3 but only within the mineralisation solids generated by the indicator modelling. ·     The search ellipse for Sn% modelling was 75m along strike, 75m down dip and 7.5m across the mineralisation. A minimum of 2 composites and a maximum of 16 composites were required. ·     A larger search ellipse was used for Li% modelling as this mineralisation is unrelated to Sn% and more pervasive in nature. ·     Primary search (based on variography) was 150m along strike, 150m down dip and 7.5m across the mineralisation. A minimum of 2 composites and a maximum of 16 composites were required. The search was double to inform blocks to be used as the basis for an exploration target. ·     Block size was 5m (E-W) by 5m (N-S) by 2.5m ·     Validation of the final resource has been carried out in a number of ways including section comparison of data versus model, and production reconciliation.
Moisture	·     Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or with natural moisture, and the method of determination of the moisture content.	·     Tonnages are estimated on a dry basis using the average bulk density.
Cut-off parameters	·     The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters applied.	·     A series of alternative cutoffs was used to report tonnage and grade: Sn 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%. Lithium 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%.
Mining factors or assumptions	·     Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, minimum mining dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, external) mining dilution. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider potential mining methods, but the assumptions made regarding mining methods and parameters when estimating Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation of the basis of the mining assumptions made.	·     Mining is assumed to be by underground methods. A Scoping Study has determined the optimal mining method. ·     Limited internal waste will need to be mined at grades marginally below cutoffs.  Mine dilution and waste are expected at minimal levels and the vast majority of the Mineral Resource is expected to convert to an Ore Reserve. ·     Based on the geometry of the deposit, it is envisaged that a combination of drift and fill mining and longhole open stoping will be used
Metallurgical factors or assumptions	·     The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding metallurgical amenability. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider potential metallurgical methods, but the assumptions regarding metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made when reporting Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation of the basis of the metallurgical assumptions made.	·     Recent testwork on 2014 drill core indicates a tin recovery of 80% can be expected. ·     Testwork on lithium indicated 70% recovery of lithium to lithium carbonate product via flotation concentrate and atmospheric leach. ·     Extensive testwork was conducted on Cinovec South mineralisation in the past. Testing culminated with a pilot plant trial in 1970, where three batches of Cinovec South mineralisation were processed, each under slightly different conditions. The best result, with a tin recovery of 76.36%, was obtained from a batch of 97.13t grading 0.32% Sn. A more elaborate flowsheet was also investigated and with flotation produced final Sn and W recoveries of better than 96% and 84%, respectively.  ·     Historical laboratory testwork demonstrated that lithium can be extracted from the mineralisation (lithium carbonate was produced from 1958-1966 at Cinovec).
Environmental factors or assumptions	·     Assumptions made regarding possible waste and process residue disposal options. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider the potential environmental impacts of the mining and processing operation. While at this stage the determination of potential environmental impacts, particularly for a greenfields project, may not always be well advanced, the status of early consideration of these potential environmental impacts should be reported. Where these aspects have not been considered this should be reported with an explanation of the environmental assumptions made.	·     Cinovec is in an area of historic mining activity spanning the past 600 years. Extensive State exploration was conducted until 1990. ·     The property is located in a sparsely populated area, most of the land belongs to the State. Few problems are anticipated with regards to the acquisition of surface rights for any potential underground mining operation. ·     The envisaged mining method will see much of the waste and tailings used as underground fill.
Bulk density	·     Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis for the assumptions. If determined, the method used, whether wet or dry, the frequency of the measurements, the nature, size and representativeness of the samples. ·     The bulk density for bulk material must have been measured by methods that adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), moisture and differences between rock and alteration zones within the deposit. ·     Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in the evaluation process of the different materials.	·     Historical bulk density measurements were made in a laboratory. ·     The following densities were applied: o  2.57 for granite o  2.70 for greisen o  2.60 for all other material
Classification	·     The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into varying confidence categories. ·     Whether appropriate account has been taken of all relevant factors (i.e. relative confidence in tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of input data, confidence in continuity of geology and metal values, quality, quantity and distribution of the data). ·     Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent Person's view of the deposit.	·     Following a review of a small amount of available QAQC data, and comparison of production data versus estimated tonnage/grade from the resource model, and given the close spacing of underground drilling and development, the majority of Sn% resource was classified in the Inferred category as defined by the JORC Code 2012 Edition. ·     The 2014 drilling has confirmed the mineralisation model and a part of this area has been upgraded to the Indicated category. ·     The Li% mineralisation has been assigned to the Inferred category where the average distance to composites used in estimation is less than 100m. Material outside this range is unclassified but has been used as the basis for an Exploration Target. ·     The Competent Person (Lynn Widenbar) endorses the final results and classification.
Audits or reviews	·     The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource estimates.	·     Wardell Armstrong International, in their review of Lynn Widenbar's initial resource estimate stated "the Widenbar model appears to have been prepared in a diligent manner and given the data available provides a reasonable estimate of the drillhole assay data at the Cinovec deposit".
Discussion of relative accuracy/ confidence	·     Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy and confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate using an approach or procedure deemed appropriate by the Competent Person. For example, the application of statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the relative accuracy of the resource within stated confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed appropriate, a qualitative discussion of the factors that could affect the relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate. ·     The statement should specify whether it relates to global or local estimates, and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which should be relevant to technical and economic evaluation. Documentation should include assumptions made and the procedures used. ·     These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate should be compared with production data, where available.	·     In 2012, WAI carried out model validation exercises on the initial Widenbar model, which included visual comparison of drilling sample grades and the estimated block model grades, and Swath plots to assess spatial local grade variability. ·     A visual comparison of Block model grades vs Drillhole grades was carried out on a sectional basis for both Sn and Li mineralisation. Visually, grades in the block model correlated well with drillhole grade for both Sn and Li. ·     Swath plots were generated from the model by averaging composites and blocks in all 3 dimensions using 10m panels. Swath plots were generated for the Sn and Li estimated grades in the block model, these should exhibit a close relationship to the composite data upon which the estimation is based. As the original drillhole composites were not available to WAI. 1m composite samples based on 0.1% cut-offs for both Sn and Li assays were ·     Overall Swath plots illustrate a good correlation between the composites and the block grades. As is visible in the SWATH plots, there has been a large amount of smoothing of the block model grades when compared to the composite grades, this is typical of the estimation method.