1.    Corporate Information

 

Arrow Exploration Corp. ("Arrow" or "the Company") is a public junior oil and gas company engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas properties in Colombia and in Western Canada. The Company's shares trade on the TSX Venture Exchange and the AIM Market of the London Stock Exchange plc under the symbol AXL. The head office of Arrow is located at 203, 2303 - 4th Street SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2S 2S7 and the registered office is located at 600, 815 8th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2P 3P2.

 

 

2.    Basis of Presentation

 

Statement of compliance

The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The consolidated financial statements have been approved and authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors ("the Board") on April 28, 2025.

Basis of measurement

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that have been measured at fair value and specifically noted within the notes to these consolidated financial statements.

 

Functional and presentation currency

These consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollars. The Canadian Dollar is the functional currency of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary Arrow Holdings Ltd. (AHL). The functional currency of the Company's subsidiaries operating in Colombia and Switzerland is the United States Dollar.

 

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency at the period-end exchange rate. Non-monetary assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses are translated at exchange rates at the transaction date. Exchange gains or losses are included in the determination of net income or loss in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

 

Material accounting estimates and judgments

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and use judgment regarding the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. By their nature, estimates are subject to measurement uncertainty and changes in such estimates in future periods could require a material change in the financial statements. Accordingly, actual results may differ from the estimated amounts as future confirming events occur. Material estimates and judgments made by management in the preparation of these financial statements are as follows:

 

Exploration and evaluation assets

Exploration and evaluation assets require judgment as to whether future economic benefits exist, including the existence of proven or probable reserves and the ability to finance exploration and evaluation projects, where technical feasibility and commercial viability has not yet been determined.

 

Depletion and depreciation

The amounts recorded for depletion and depreciation are based on estimates of proved and probable reserves.  Assumptions that are valid at the time of reserve estimation may change materially as new information becomes available. 

Changes in forward price estimates, production and future development costs, recovery rates or decommissioning costs may change the economic status of reserves and may ultimately result in reserves used for measurement purposes being removed from similar calculations in future reporting periods.

 

Cash Generating Unit ("CGU")

IFRS requires that the Company's oil and natural gas properties be aggregated into CGUs, based on their ability to generate largely independent cash flows, which are used to assess the properties for impairment. The determination of the Company's CGUs is subject to management's judgment.

 

Impairment of Property, plant and equipment and exploration and evaluation assets

Indicators of impairment are assessed by management using judgment, considering future plans, market conditions and commodity prices. In assessing the recoverability, each CGU's carrying value is compared to its recoverable amount, defined as the greater of its fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. Recoverable amounts calculated for impairment testing are based on estimates of future commodity prices, expected volumes, quantity of reserves and discount rates as well as future development costs, royalties, and operating costs. In addition, the Company may identify value associated with undeveloped land with recoverable amounts calculated based on precedent land transactions as well as the application of a premium or discount to these precedent transactions and assumptions regarding the ability to obtain extensions on such land. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions, which by their nature, are subject to measurement uncertainty. In addition, judgment is exercised by management as to whether there have been indicators of impairment or of impairment reversal. Indicators of impairment or impairment reversal may include, but are not limited to a changes in: market value of assets, asset performance, estimate of future prices, royalties and costs, estimated quantity of reserves and appropriate discount rates.

 

Decommissioning obligations

Measurement of the Company's decommissioning liability involves estimates as to the cost and timing of incurrence of future decommissioning programs. It also involves assessment of appropriate discount rates, rates of inflation applicable to future costs and the rate used to measure the accretion charge for each reporting period.  Measurement of the liability also reflects current engineering methodologies as well as current environmental legislation and standards.

 

Income taxes

The Company recognises deferred tax assets to the extent that it is probable that the deductible temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and that sufficient taxable income will be generated in the future to recover such deferred tax assets. Assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets requires the Company to make significant estimates related to expectations of future taxable income. Estimates of future taxable income are based on forecast cash flows from operations and the application of existing tax laws.  To the extent that future cash flows and taxable income differ significantly from estimates, the ability of the Company to realise the net deferred tax assets recorded at the reporting date could be impacted. In addition, future changes in tax laws could limit the ability of the Company to obtain tax deductions in future periods.

 

3.      Material Accounting Policies

 

Interests in joint arrangements

Certain of the Company's exploration and production activities are regarded as joint operations and are conducted under joint operating agreements, whereby two or more parties jointly control the assets.  These consolidated financial statements reflect only the Company's share of these jointly controlled operations, and the Company's proportionate share of the relevant revenue and costs.

 

 

 

Financial instruments

The Company considers whether a contract contains an embedded derivative when it first becomes a party to it.  Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract which is not measured at fair value through profit or loss when the analysis shows that the economic characteristics and risks of embedded derivatives are not closely related to those of the host contract. Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized in the Company's statement of financial position when the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.  Financial assets are derecognized when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or when the contractual rights to those assets are transferred.  Financial liabilities are derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired.

 

Financial assets

The Company's financial assets are comprised of cash, restricted cash, trade and other receivables and deposits.  Cash and restricted cash are classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.  Trade and other receivables, and deposits are classified and measured at amortized cost using the effective interest, less any impairment losses. The initial classification of a financial asset depends upon the Company's business model for managing its financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows. There are three measurement categories into which the Company classified its financial assets:

 

-   Amortized Cost: Includes assets that are held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows and its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that represent solely payments of principal and interest;

 

-   Fair Value Through Profit or Loss ("FVTPL"): Includes assets that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or FVOCI and are measured at fair value through profit or loss. This includes all derivative financial instruments.

 

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value and, in the case of a financial asset not at FVTPL, including transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at FVTPL are recorded as an expense. Financial assets are reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition only if the business model for managing those financial assets changes. The affected financial assets will be reclassified on the first day of the first reporting period following the change in the business model. A financial asset is derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or have been transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.

 

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or amortized cost. The Company's financial liabilities are comprised of accounts payable and accrued liabilities, promissory note and long-term debt. These are classified and measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

 

Exploration and evaluation assets

Pre-license costs are recognized in the statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income as incurred. Exploration and evaluation costs include the costs of acquiring undeveloped land and drilling costs are initially capitalized until the drilling of the well is complete and the results have been evaluated. The costs are accumulated in cost centers by well, field or exploration area pending determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability. The technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource is considered to be determinable when proved or probable reserves are determined to exist.

 

If proved and/or probable reserves are found, the drilling costs and associated undeveloped land are transferred to property and equipment after performing an impairment assessment. When exploration and evaluation assets are determined not to be technically feasible and commercially viable, or the Company decides not to continue with its activity, the unrecoverable costs are charged to the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income  as pre-license expense.

Property and equipment

Items of property and equipment, which include oil and gas development and production assets, are measured at cost less accumulated depletion, depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, net of reversals. The cost of development and production assets includes: transfers from exploration and evaluation assets, which generally include the cost to drill the well and the cost of the associated land upon determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability; the cost to complete and tie-in the wells; facility costs; the cost of recognizing provisions for future restoration and decommissioning; geological and geophysical costs; and directly attributable overheads. Development and production assets are grouped into CGU's for impairment testing. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property and equipment, including oil and natural gas interests, are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property and equipment and are recognized in the statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

 

Subsequent costs:

Costs incurred subsequent to the determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability and the costs of replacing parts of property and equipment are recognized as oil and gas assets only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate. All other expenditures are expensed as incurred. Such capitalized oil and natural gas assets generally represent costs incurred in developing proved and/or probable reserves and bringing in or enhancing production from such reserves, and are accumulated on a field or geotechnical area basis. The carrying amount of any replaced or sold component is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property and equipment are recognized in operating expenses as incurred.

 

Depletion and depreciation:

The net carrying value of development and production assets is depleted using the unit of production method by reference to the ratio of production in the period to the related proved plus probable reserves, taking into account estimated future development costs necessary to bring those reserves into production and the estimated salvage value of the assets at the end of their useful lives. Future development costs are estimated taking into account the level of development required to produce the reserves. Proved plus probable reserves are estimated annually by independent qualified reserve evaluators and represent the estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids which geological, geophysical and engineering data demonstrate with a specified degree of certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs and which are considered commercially producible. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date.

 

Impairment

Financial assets

The Company recognizes loss allowances for Expected Credit Losses ("ECLs") on its financial assets measured at amortized cost. Due to the nature of its financial assets, the Company measures loss allowances at an amount equal to expected lifetime ECLs.

Lifetime ECLs are the anticipated ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial asset. ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls. ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the related financial asset. The Company does not have any financial assets that contain a financing component.

 

Non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company's non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset's recoverable amount is estimated. Exploration and evaluation assets are also assessed for impairment prior to being transferred to property and equipment. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (CGU).

 

 

The recoverable amount of an asset or a CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs of disposal. Fair value less cost to dispose is determined as the amount that would be obtained from the sale of a CGU in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable and willing parties. The fair value less cost to dispose of oil and gas assets is generally determined as the net present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continued use of the CGU, including any expansion prospects, and its eventual disposal, using assumptions that an independent market participant may take into account. These cash flows are discounted by an appropriate discount rate which would be applied by such a market participant to arrive at a net present value of the CGU. In addition, the Company considers whether any value may be separately attributed to undeveloped land.

 

Value in use is determined as the net present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continued use of the asset in its present form and its eventual disposal. Value in use is determined by applying assumptions specific to the Company's continued use and can only take into account future development costs. Estimates of future cash flows used in the evaluation of impairment of assets are made using management's forecasts of commodity prices and expected production volumes. The latter takes into account assessments of field reservoir performance and includes expectations about proved and unproved volumes, which are risk-weighted utilizing geological, production, recovery and economic projections.

 

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of a CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in the statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. Impairment losses recognized in respect of CGU's are allocated to reduce the carrying amounts of assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis. Impairment losses recognized in prior years are assessed at each reporting date to determine if facts and circumstances indicate that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depletion and depreciation, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

 

Share based compensation

The Company has a share based compensation plan that allows holders to exercise stock options in common shares or cash, at the holder's discretion. The compensation cost attributed to stock options granted is measured at the fair value at the grant date, and expensed over the vesting period. The equity component of share based compensation cost increases contributed surplus and the cash portion of the compensation cost is recorded as a liability. Subsequent to initial recognition, the cash component of stock options is measured at fair value through profit and loss, increasing or decreasing the stock based compensation liability. Upon the settlement of the stock options in common shares, the previously recognized value in contributed surplus is recorded as an increase to share capital. In those cases when stock options are settled in cash, the stock option fair value paid to holders is debited from the stock based compensation liability.

 

Provisions

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax risk-free rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses.

 

Decommissioning obligations

The Company's activities give rise to dismantling, decommissioning and site disturbance remediation activities. Provision is made for the estimated cost of abandonment and site restoration and capitalized in the relevant asset category. Decommissioning obligations are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation as at the reporting date.

 

Subsequent to the initial measurement, the obligation is adjusted at the end of each period to reflect the passage of time and changes in the estimated future cash flows underlying the obligation. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as accretion (within finance expense) whereas increases/decreases due to changes in the estimated future cash flows or changes in the discount rate are capitalized. Actual costs incurred upon settlement of the decommissioning obligations are charged against the provision.

 

Revenue

The Company's revenues are primarily derived from the production of petroleum and natural gas.  Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by physically transferring the product and control to a customer.  The Company satisfies its performance obligations at the point of delivery of the product and not over a period of time.  Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in contracts with customers. Revenue is recorded net of any royalties when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured and the costs incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

 

Income tax

Income tax expense is comprised of current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognized in the statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in equity. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax is recognized on the temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination. In addition, deferred tax is not recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

 

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously. A deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

 

The Company's income tax provisions and income tax assets and liabilities are based on interpretations of applicable tax laws, including income tax treaties between various countries in which the Company operates, as well as underlying rules and regulations with respect to transfer pricing. These interpretations involve judgments and estimates and may be challenged through government taxation audits that the Company is regularly subject to.

New information may become available that causes the Company to change its judgment regarding the Company's income of applicable the adequacy of existing income tax assets and liabilities, such changes will impact net earnings in the period that such a determination is made.

 

Adopted Accounting Standards

The Company has adopted the following amendments to accounting standards, issued by the IASB, that were effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024, and did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

 

Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements: In January 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, to clarify its requirements for the presentation of liabilities as current or non-current in the statements of financial position. In October 2022, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1, which specify the classification and disclosure of a liability with covenants.

 

Future Accounting Standards

The Company plans to adopt the following amendments to accounting standards, issued by the IASB, that are effective in future periods. The pronouncements will be adopted on their respective effective dates and their impact to the consolidated financial statements is currently under assessment.

 

In April 2024, the IASB issued new IFRS 18 - Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements ("IFRS 18")

replacing IAS 1. The new guidance is expected to improve the usefulness of information presented and disclosed in the financial statements of companies. IFRS 18 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this new IFRS accounting standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In May 2024, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments and IFRS - 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures related to settling financial liabilities using an electronic payment system and assessing contractual cash flow characteristics of financial assets. The amendments will be effective January 1, 2026, and the Company is currently assessing the impact of this new IFRS accounting standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

4.    Restricted Cash and deposits

 

		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Colombia (i)	$	275,949	$	312,530
Canada (ii)		129,737		542,304
Sub-total		405,686		854,834
Long-term portion		(167,545)		(243,081)
Current portion of restricted cash and deposits	$	238,141	$	611,753

 

(i)            This balance is comprised of a deposit held as collateral to guarantee abandonment expenditures related to the Tapir and Santa Isabel blocks.

(ii)            During 2024, the Company recovered its $337,031 (CAD $445,749) deposit related to the Company's liability rating management ("LMR"). The remaining $136,286 (2023: $205,273) pertain to other deposits held in Canada.

 

5.    Trade and other receivables

 

		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Trade receivables, net of advances	$	1,926,176	$	2,238,918
Other accounts receivable		1,904,039		1,298,018
	$	3,830,215	$	3,536,936

 

As at December 31, 2024, other accounts receivable include $699,880 (December 31, 2023 - $682,197) receivable from on demand loans with executives and directors (Note 15).

 

 

 

6.    Taxes receivable

 

		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Value-added tax (VAT) credits recoverable	$	1,738,536	$	1,703,260
Income tax withholdings and advances, net		918,390		2,952,139
	$	2,656,926	$	4,655,399

 

The VAT recoverable balance pertains to non-compensated value-added tax credits originated in Colombia as operational and capital expenditures are incurred. The Company is entitled to compensate or claim for the reimbursement of these VAT credits.

 

7.    Exploration and Evaluation

 

		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Balance, beginning of the period	$		$	-
Additions, net		3,818,279		3,212,808
Reclassification to Property and Equipment (Note 8)		(3,675,284)		(3,212,808)
Balance, end of the period	$	142,995	$	-

 

During 2024, the Company incurred in exploration and development costs associated to its Alberta prospect in the Tapir block, and determined the technical feasibility and commercial viability of these assets, transferring $3,675,284 to its property and equipment.  An impairment test on these assets was prepared and no losses were identified as a result of such tests. During 2023, the Company incurred geological and geophysical costs in its Carrizales Norte prospect located in its Tapir block, which were transferred to property and equipment in 2023.

 

8.    Property and Equipment

 

Cost	Oil and Gas Properties	Right of Use and Other Assets	Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$ 47,545,026	$     234,156	$     47,779,182
Additions	23,907,357	310,061	24,217,418
Dispositions	(111,151)	-	(111,151)
Transfers from exploration and evaluation assets	3,212,808	-	3,212,808
Decommissioning adjustment	738,825	-	738,825
Balance, December 31, 2023	$ 75,292,865	$     544,217	$     75,837,082
Additions	27,295,956	6,908	27,302,864
Adjustment to ROU assets	-	(53,543)	(53,543)
Transfers from exploration of evaluation assets	3,675,284	-	3,675,284
Decommissioning adjustment	2,702,058	-	2,702,058
Balance, December 31, 2024	$108,966,163	$     497,582	$109,463,745

 

Accumulated depletion and depreciation and impairment		Oil and Gas Properties		Right of Use and Other Assets					Total
Balance, December 31, 2022		$ 13,153,709	$   161,236				$   13,314,945
Depletion and depreciation		12,120,871	65,906				12,186,777
Impairment loss of oil and gas properties		11,799,740	-				11,799,740
Balance, December 31, 2023		$ 37,074,320	$   227,142				$   37,301,462
Depletion and depreciation		17,448,880	86,935				17,535,815
Impairment reversal		(662,753)	-				(662,753)
Balance, December 31, 2024		$ 53,860,447	$  314,077				$  54,174,524
Foreign exchange
Balance December 31, 2022	$    (249,908)		$    (8,719)					$      (258,627)
Effects of movements in foreign        exchange rates	88,671		5,697					94,368
Balance December 31, 2023	$    (161,237)		$    (3,022)					$      (164,259)
Effects of movements in foreign        exchange rates	(122,332)		(17,632)					(139,964)
Balance, December 31, 2024	$    (283,569)		$  (20,654)					$      (304,223)

 

Net Book Value
Balance December 31, 2023	$     38,057,308	$     314,053	$    37,371,361
Balance December 31, 2024	$     54,822,147	$     162,851	$   54,984,998

 

Canada

As at December 31, 2024, the Company determined there were indicators of impairment reversal in its Canada CGU, mainly due to increased reserve quantities arising as a result of an increase in future development capital expenditures. Management determined the recoverable amount of its Canada CGU using the fair value less costs of disposal approach. As the recoverable amount exceeded the carrying value of the CGU, an impairment reversal of $662,753 was included in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. The following table outlines forecast benchmark prices and exchange rates used in the Company's impairment test as at December 31, 2024:

 

	Exchange rate	AECO Spot Gas
Year	$US / $Cdn	C$/MMBtu
2025	0.73	2.49
2026	0.73	3.47
2027	0.74	3.64
2028	0.75	3.90
2029 Thereafter (inflation %)	0.75	4.03 2.0%/yr

 

The recoverable amount was estimated at their fair value less costs of disposal, based on the net present value of the future cash flows from oil and gas reserves as estimated by the Company's independent reserve evaluator at December 31, 2024 and an internal valuation of undeveloped land. The fair value less costs of disposal used to determine the recoverable amounts are classified as Level 3 fair value measurements as certain key assumptions are not based on observable market data but rather, the Company's best estimate.

 

The Company used a 17.95% (2023: 18.3%) post-tax discount rate, which took into account risks specific to the CGU. The key assumptions in the internal valuation of undeveloped land were the determination of comparable market transactions and the probability of obtaining extensions on related lands. The Company utilized an average value per acre of C$84.20 in the impairment test as at December 31, 2024.

 

 

As at December 31, 2023, the Company determined there were indicators of impairment in its Canada CGU, mainly due to decreases in forward gas prices and revision of reserves, and prepared estimates of its fair value less costs of disposal of its Canada CGU. It was determined that carrying value of its Canada CGU exceeded its recoverable amount and, therefore, an impairment loss of $1,248,400 was included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2023.

 

Colombia

During 2023, the Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos ("ANH") approved the suspension of the obligations and operations of the OMBU contract due to force majeure circumstances generated by the blockades and social unrest around the Capella field. The suspension was for an initial term of three months and has been extended until August 2025. The Company determined there were indicators of impairment in the Capella CGU and recorded an impairment loss of $10,551,340 corresponding to the full carrying value of the Capella CGU as at December 31, 2023. There were no other indicators of impairment in the Colombian CGUs as at December 31, 2024.

 

	2024			2023
CGU	Recoverable Amount	Impairment (Reversal)		Recoverable Amount	Impairment Loss (Reversal)
Canada	2,770,919	(662,753)		2,108,166	1,248,400
Capella	-	-		-	10,551,340
		(662,753)			11,799,740

 

 

9.      Lease Obligations

 

A reconciliation of the discounted lease obligation is set forth below:

 

			2024	2023
Obligation, beginning of the period			$        320,593	$         63,751
Additions			-	302,930
Changes to leases			(53,543)	-
Lease payments			(57,807)	(74,211)
Interest			31,846	22,011
Effects of movements in foreign exchange rates			(21,683)	6,112
Obligation, end of the period			219,406	320,593
Current portion			(44,639)	(103,674)
Long-term portion			174,767	216,919

 

During 2024, the Company recognized the impact of a change in payment terms of its office lease and recognized a decrease in lease liabilities and ROU assets for $ 53,543. As at December 31, 2024, the Company has the following future lease obligations:

 

Less than one year			$              71,790
2 - 5 years			215,045
Total lease payments			286,835
Amounts representing interest over the term			(67,429)
Present value of the net obligation			219,406

 

 

 

 

10.    Decommissioning Liability

 

The following table presents the reconciliation of the beginning and ending aggregate carrying amount of the obligation associated with the decommissioning of oil and gas properties:

 

	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Obligation, beginning of the period	3,973,075		$      3,303,301
Additions	1,467,282		1,000,889
Change in estimated cash flows	843,978		(262,066)
Payments or settlements	(110,263)		(19,545)
Dispositions	-		(191,081)
Accretion expense	178,296		127,478
Effects of movements in foreign exchange rates	(44,709)		14,099
Obligation, end of the period	6,307,659		3,973,075

 

The obligation was calculated using a risk-free discount rate range of 1.25% to 4.50% in Canada (2023: 1.25% to 4.50%) and between 4.30% and 4.60% in Colombia (2023: 4.00% and 4.29%) with an inflation rate of 2.0% and 1.90%, respectively (2023: 2.5% and 2.6%). The majority of costs are expected to occur between 2026 and 2038. The undiscounted amount of cash flows, required over the estimated reserve life of the underlying assets, to settle the obligation, adjusted for inflation, is estimated at $8,155,704 (2023: $5,686,938).

 

11.  Share Capital

 

(a)   Authorized: Unlimited number of common shares without par value

 

(b)   Issued:

	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Common shares	Shares	Amounts	Shares	Amounts
Balance beginning of the period	285,864,348	73,829,795	218,401,931	57,810,735
Issued from warrants exercised	-	-	67,462,417	16,019,060
Balance at end of the period	285,864,348	73,829,795	285,864,348	73,829,795

 

(c)   Warrants:

During 2023, the Company issued 67,462,417 common shares from exercising of warrants outstanding from the Company's shares admission to trade on the AIM Market of the London Stock Exchange in 2021. Each warrant was exercisable at £0.09 per new common share for 24 months from the issuance date and were measured at fair value quarterly using the Black-Scholes options pricing model.

 

(d)   Stock options:

The Company has a stock option plan that provides for the issuance to its directors, officers, employees and consultants options to purchase a number of non-transferable common shares not exceeding 10% of the outstanding common shares. The exercise price is based on the closing price of the Company's common shares on the day prior to the day of the grant. A summary of the Company stock option plan as at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and changes during the periods ended on those dates is presented below:

 

 

 

 

	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Stock Options	Number of options	Weighted average exercise price (CAD $)	Number of options	Weighted average exercise price (CAD $)
Beginning of period	20,531,668	$0.24	20,590,000	$0.18
Granted	14,176,108	$0.41	1,650,000	$0.27
Expired/Forfeited	(2,433,333)	-	(1,375,000)	$0.12
Exercised	(7,479,441)	$0.20	(333,332)	$0.11
End of period	25,795,002	$0.32	20,531,668	$0.24
Exercisable, end of period	8,442,778	$0.19	9,879,441	$0.42

 

Date of Grant	Number Outstanding	Exercise Price (CAD $)	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	Date of Expiry	Number Exercisable June 30, 2024
October 22, 2018	250,000	$1.15	3.81	Oct. 22, 2028	250,000
May 3, 2019	100,000	$0.31	4.34	May 3, 2029	100,000
March 20, 2020	1,200,000	$0.05	5.22	Mar. 20, 2030	1,200,000
April 13, 2020	1,200,000	$0.05	5.28	April 13, 2030	1,200,000
December 13, 2021	2,983,336	$0.13	0.45	June 13, 2024 and 2025	2,983,336
June 9, 2022	600,001	$0.28	0.74	Dec. 9, 2023, 2024 and 2025	133,333
September 7, 2022	833,334	$0.26	0.68	Mar. 7, 2024, 2025 and 2026	416,666
December 21, 2022	3,652,222	$0.28	1.94	June 21, 2024, 2025 and 2026	1,826,110
January 23, 2023	100,000	$0.32	1.06	July 23, 2024, 2025 and 2026	-
September 21, 2023	1,000,000	$0.33	1.22	Mar. 21, 2025, 2026 and 2027	333,333
April 29, 2024	8,543,888	$0.38	1.83	Oct.29 2025, 2026 and 2027	-
September 11, 2024	4,332,221	$0.48	2.19	Mar.11 2026, 2027 and 2028	-
Total	25,795,002	$0.32	1.87 years		8,442,778

 

During the year ended December 31, 2024, and due to an amendment in the stock option plan that allows stock option holders to select an equity or cash settlement, the Company started recognition of its stock based compensation plan as a liability plan, with no equity component, and recognized $1,480,664 (2023: $591,454) as share-based compensation expense, with a corresponding effect in stock based compensation liability. As part of this change,  there was also a reclassification of $1,442,604 from contributed surplus to stock based compensation liability to recognize the opening balance of this liability.

 

The following table summarizes the assumptions used with the Black-Scholes valuation model for the determination of the share-based compensation expense for the stock options granted during the years ended December 31 2024 and 2023:

 

	2024	2023
Number of stock options granted	14,176,108	1,650,000
Weighted-average risk free interest rate (%)	3.78	4.08
Weighted-average expected life (years)	2.50	2.50
Weighted-average volatility (%)	81.06	154.85
Forfeiture rate (%)	5.69	4.84

 

 

 

12.    Income taxes

 

The provision for income taxes varies from the amount that would be computed by applying the expected tax rate to income (loss) before income taxes. The principal reasons for differences between such expected income tax expense and the amount actually recorded are as follows:

	2024	2023
Income before income taxes	$    29,249,864	$  3,034,919
Corporate income tax rate	23%	23%
Computed expected tax expense	6,727,469	698,031
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:
Share-based compensation	340,553	136,034
(Recognized)/unrecognized deferred tax benefits	1,292,303	1,062,373
Tax rate difference on foreign jurisdictions	7,799,540	2,776,675
Other permanent difference	110,146	235,092
Foreign exchange and others	(195,149)	(766,673)
Income tax expense	$  16,074,862	$  4,141,532

 

During 2024, the Company realized a deferred income tax asset of $2,031,384 that was recognized during 2023 related to non-capital losses available in Colombia. As at December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a deferred tax liability of $7,631,536 (2023: $3,269,894) which represents the tax impact of temporary differences in another Colombian legal entity. In Colombia, the enacted tax rate is 35% with an additional tax rate of 5%, 10% or 15% for oil producers, subject to international oil prices. The current and deferred tax rate applied in Colombia was 45% in 2024 (2023: 45%). The components of the Company's deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 

As at December 31	2024	2023
Property and equipment	$  (8,166,457)	$   (2,784,879)
Decommissioning liabilities and other provisions	2,544,440	1,530,755
Carryforward non-capital losses	-	1,019,383
Net deferred tax balance	$   (5,622,017)	$   (234,741)
Deferred tax liability	6,832,229	3,269,894
Unrecognized deferred tax asset	(1,210,212)	(1,003,770)
Deferred tax asset balance	$                     -	$     2,031,383

 

At December 31, 2024, the Company had non-capital losses carried forward of approximately $50,241,304 (2023 - $48,458,462) available to reduce future years taxable income. These losses commence expiring in 2029.  At December 31, 2024, the Company had income tax credits and benefits, including non-capital losses, of approximately $60,093,726 (2023 - $59,964,309) related to Canada that were not recognized in the financial statements due to uncertainties associated with its ability to utilize these balances in the future.

 

13.    Commitments and Contingencies

 

Exploration and Production Contracts

The Company has entered into a number of exploration contracts in Colombia which require the Company to fulfill work program commitments and issue financial guarantees related thereto (see Letters of Credit section below). In aggregate, the Company has outstanding exploration commitments at December 31, 2024 of $12 million. Presented below are the Company's exploration and production contractual commitments at December 31, 2024:

Block		Less than 1 year	1-3 years	Thereafter	Total
COR-39		-	12,000,000	-	12,000,000
Total		-	12,000,000	-	12,000,000

 

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation or has claims sought against it in the normal course of business operations.  Management of the Company is not currently aware of any claims or actions that would materially affect the Company's reported financial position or results from operations. Under the terms of certain agreements and the Company's by-laws the Company indemnifies individuals who have acted at the Company's request to be a director and/or officer of the Company, to the extent permitted by law, against any and all damages, liabilities, costs, charges or expenses suffered by or incurred by those individuals.

Letters of Credit

At December 31, 2024, the Company had obligations under Letters of Credit ("LC's") outstanding totaling $3.1 million to guarantee work commitments on exploration blocks and other contractual commitments. In the event the Company fails to secure the renewal of the letters of credit underlying the ANH guarantees, the ANH could decide to cancel the underlying exploration and production contract, as applicable.

Current Outstanding Letters of Credit
Contract	Beneficiary	Issuer	Type	Amount (US $)	Renewal Date
SANTA ISABEL	ANH	Carrao Energy	Abandonment	621,158	April 14, 2026
	ANH	Carrao Energy	Financial Capacity	1,672,162	June 30, 2025
COR - 39	ANH	Carrao Energy	Compliance	100,000	June 30, 2025
OMBU	ANH	Carrao Energy	Financial Capacity	436,300	October 14, 2025
OMBU	ANH	Carrao Energy	Abandonment	265,782	August 28, 2025
Total				3,095,402

 

14.    Risk Management

 

The Company holds various forms of financial instruments. The nature of these instruments and the Company's operations expose the Company to commodity price, credit and foreign exchange risks. The Company manages its exposure to these risks by operating in a manner that minimizes its exposure to the extent practical.

 

(a)    Commodity price risk

The Company's principal operation is the production and sale of crude oil and  natural gas. Fluctuations in prices of these commodities directly impact the Company's financial performance. Commodity price risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate as a result of changes in commodity prices.  Lower commodity prices can also impact the Company's ability to raise capital.  Commodity prices for crude oil are impacted by world economic events that dictate the levels of supply and demand.  There were no derivative contracts during 2024.

 

(b)    Credit Risk

Credit risk reflects the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a contract fails to fulfill their contractual obligations. It arises mostly from the Company's cash balances and accounts receivable. The Company's cash balances are held with six counterparties, large reputable financial institutions, and management has therefore concluded that credit associated is low. The majority of the Company's account receivable balances relate to petroleum and natural gas sales.  The Company's policy is to enter into agreements with customers that are well established entities in the oil and gas industry such that the level of risk is mitigated.

In Colombia, a significant portion of the sales is with producing companies and commodities trader under existing sale/offtake agreements with prepayment provisions and priced using the Brent benchmark. The Company's trade account receivables primarily relate to sales of crude oil and natural gas, which are normally collected within 25 days (in Canada) and up to 15 days (in Colombia) after the month of production.  Other accounts receivable mainly relate to balances owed by the Company's partner in one of its blocks, and are mainly recoverable through join billings. The Company has historically not experienced any significant collection issues with its customers and partners.

 

(c)    Market Risk

Market risk is comprised of two components: foreign currency exchange risk and interest rate risk.

 

i)      Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

The Company operates on an international basis and therefore foreign exchange risk exposures arise from transactions denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar. The Company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations as it holds cash and incurs expenditures in exploration and evaluation and administrative costs in foreign currencies.

 

The Company incurs expenditures in Canadian dollars, United States dollars, British Pounds and the Colombian peso and is exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates in these currencies. There are no exchange rate contracts in place.

 

ii)       Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that future cash flows will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest rates. The Company is not currently exposed to interest rate risk.

 

(d)    Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk includes the risk that, as a result of the Company's operational liquidity requirements:

·      The Company will not have sufficient funds to settle a transaction on the due date;

·      The Company will be forced to sell financial assets at a value which is less than what they are worth; or

·      The Company may be unable to settle or recover a financial asset.

 

The Company's approach to managing its liquidity risk is to ensure, within reasonable means, sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and unusual conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or jeopardizing the Company's business objectives. The Company prepares annual capital expenditure budgets which are monitored regularly and updated as considered necessary.  Petroleum and natural gas production is monitored daily to provide current cash flow estimates and the Company utilizes authorizations for expenditures on projects to manage capital expenditures. Any funding shortfall may be met in a number of ways, including, but not limited to, the issuance of new debt or equity instruments, further expenditure reductions and/or the introduction of joint venture partners.

 

(e)     Capital Management

The Company's objective is to maintain a capital base sufficient to provide flexibility in the future development of the business and maintain investor, creditor and market confidence.  The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in response to changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. The Company considers its capital structure to include share capital, bank debt (when available), promissory notes and working capital, defined as current assets less current liabilities.  From time to time the Company may issue common shares or other securities, sell assets or adjust its capital spending to manage current and projected debt levels. The Company adjusts its capital structure based on its net debt level.  Net debt is a non-GAAP measure and is defined as the principal amount of its outstanding debt, less working capital items.  The Company prepares annual budgets, which are updated as necessary including current and forecast crude oil prices, changes in capital structure, execution of the Company's business plan and general industry conditions.  The annual budget is approved by the Board of Directors. The Company's capital includes the following:

 

	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Working capital	$ 11,646,169	$           8,669,114

 

15.    Key Management Personnel

 

The Company has determined that key management personnel consists of its executive management and its Board of Directors. In addition to the salaries and fees paid to key management, the Company also provides compensation to both groups under its share-based compensation plans. Compensation expenses paid to key management personnel were as follows:

	Years ended December 31
	2024	2023
Salaries, severances and director fees	$      5,291,118	$      2,945,303
Share-based compensation	854,605	373,093
	$      6,145,723	$      3,318,396

 

During 2023, the Company granted loans to some of its executives and Directors in the form of promissory notes, which are due on demand and bear interest at the average Bank of Canada Interbank Rate (currently 5%). The  current aggregate balance receivable of these loans is $699,880, including interest of $57,413 (2023: $9,650), and is included as other account receivables.

 

16.    Segmented Information

 

The Company has two reportable operating segments: Colombia and Canada. The Canada segment is also considered the corporate segment. The following tables show information regarding the Company's segments for the years ended as at December 31:

 

Years ended December 31, 2024		Colombia			Canada				Total
Revenue from oil and natural gas		$	80,899,199	$		659,985		$	81,559,184
Royalties			(7,827,627)			(6,529)			(7,834,156)
Expenses			(37,619,118)			(7,518,800)			(45,137,918)
Impairment reversal			-			662,753			662,753
Income taxes			(16,074,862)			-			(16,074,862)
Net income (loss)		$	19,377,592	$		(6,202,591)		$	13,175,001
Capital expenditures for the year 2024		$	31,085,161	$		36,079		$	31,121,240
Total Assets as at December 31, 2024		$	75,650,729	$		5,618,005		$	81,268,734
Total liabilities as at December 31, 2024		$	24,125,685	$		4,126,056		$	28,251,741

 

Year ended December 31, 2023		Colombia			Canada				Total
Revenue from oil and natural gas sales		$	48,979,764	$		1,617,022		$	50,596,786
Royalties			(5,909,659)			(17,121)			(5,926,780)
Expenses			(23,278,021)			(6,557,326)			(29,835,347)
Impairment loss of oil and gas properties			(10,551,340)			(1,248,400)			(11,799,740)
Income taxes			(4,141,532)			-			(4,141,532)
Net income (loss)		$	5,099,212	$		(6,205,825)		$	(1,106,613)
Capital expenditures for the year 2024		$	27,034,939	$		50,020		$	27,084,959
Total Assets as at December 31, 2023		$	54,095,574	$		8,179,449		$	62,275,023
Total liabilities as at December 31, 2023		$	18,438,675	$		2,326,825		$	20,765,500