NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, COPMRISING SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND OTHER EXPLANATORY INFORMATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2025

ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Vox Valor Capital LTD (the "Company").

Vox Valor Capital Ltd (former Vertu Capital Limited) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on 12 September 2014 as an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Law. The Company's registered office is Forbes Hare Trust Company Limited, Cassia Court, Camana Bay, Suite 716, 10 Market Street, Grand Cayman KY1-9006, Cayman Islands, registration number 291725.

The Group comprises from the parent company Vox Valor Capital LTD and the following subsidiaries:

·    Mobio (Singapore) Pte Ltd               Singapore                      100% ownership by Vox Valor Capital LTD

·    Vox Capital Ltd                                    United Kingdom        100% ownership by Vox Valor Capital LTD

·    Vox Valor Capital Pte Limited          Singapore                     100% ownership by Vox Capital Ltd

·    Initium HK Limited                            Hong Kong                   100% ownership by Vox Capital Ltd

·    Mobio Global Limited                        United Kingdom        100% ownership by Vox Capital Ltd

·    Mobio Global Inc                                USA                               100% ownership by Mobio Global Limited

The principal activity of the Group is businesses in the digital marketing, advertising and content sector. The Group focuses on App, Mobile, Performance and has been providing the services for the promotion of mobile apps and games.

Vox Valor Capital Ltd operates as a vehicle to consolidate businesses in the digital marketing, advertising and content sector. To reporting date, the Group has acquired a 100% interest in Mobio Global Limited (Mobio), a UK digital marketing company and has also acquired an equity interest in another UK based app monetisation and marketing group.

The Group's strategy for the next period will be to operate Mobio and seek to acquire other complementary businesses in the digital marketing, advertising and content sector. Unless required by applicable law or other regulatory process, no Shareholder approval will be sought by the Company in relation to any future acquisition.

The Company is controlled by Vox Valor Holding LTD (UK).

Final beneficiaries of the Group are: Pieter van der Pijl, Stefans Keiss, and Sergey Konovalov.

Management (Directors)

·    John G Booth (Chairman and Non-Executive Director)

·    Rumit Shah (Non-Executive Director)

·    Konstantin Khomyakov (Finance Director)

Going concern

At the time of approving the financial statements, the Management has a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. The Group's revenue demonstrates sustainable growth trend, there are no bank loan and covenants, the net equity is positive and the key shareholders provide financial support to the group. Thus, the Management continues to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting Standards ("IFRS") and interpretations issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") and interpretations issued by the International Financial Reporting Standards Interpretations Committee ("IFRIC").

The presentational currency of the Group is US dollars (USD).

The notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

Reporting period

Financial statements represent the financial reporting period of the Group from 1 January 2024 till 31 May 2025. These financial statements cover a reporting period of 17-months to 31 May 2025, with comparative information relating to a 12- month period to 31 December 2023. The directors presented the comparative financial information for a shorter period to align the company's annual reporting date with that of its subsidiary. As such, the comparative information is not entirely comparable with the current reporting period.

General

An asset is disclosed in the statement of financial position when it is probable that the expected future economic benefits attributable to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured. A liability is disclosed in the statement of financial position when it is expected to result in an outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits and the amount of the obligations can be measured with sufficient reliability.

If a transaction results in transfer of future economic benefits and/or when all risks associated with assets or liabilities have been transferred to a third party, the asset or liability is no longer included in the statement of financial position. Assets and liabilities are not included in the statement of financial position if economic benefits are not probable or cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.

The income and expenses are accounted for during the period to which they relate. Revenue is recognized when control over service is transferred to a customer.

The Management is required to form an opinion and make estimates and assumptions for assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. The actual result may differ from these estimates. The estimates and the underlying assumptions are constantly assessed. Revisions are recognised during a corresponding revision period as well as any future periods affected by the revision. The nature of these estimates and judgements, including related assumptions, is disclosed in the notes to corresponding items in the financial statement.

Basis of consolidation

Consolidated financial statements reflect the substance of the transaction. The substance of the transaction is Vox Capital Ltd, the accounting acquirer (operating company) has made a share-based payment to acquire a listing along with the listed company's cash balances and other net assets. The transaction is therefore accounted for in accordance with IFRS 2.

The Consolidated Financial Statements incorporate the financial information of Vox Valor Capital Ltd and all its subsidiary undertakings. Subsidiary undertakings include entities over which the Group has effective control. The Company controls a group when it is exposed to, or has right to, variable returns from its involvement with the Group and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the Group. In assessing control, the Group takes into consideration potential voting rights.

On 30 September 2022 the Company acquired:

·    Vox Capital Ltd (United Kingdom).

·    Vox Valor Capital Singapore Pte Limited (Singapore)

·    Initium HK Limited (Hong Kong)

·    Mobio Global Ltd (United Kingdom).

·    Mobio Global Inc. (US)

·    Mobio (Singapore) Pte Ltd (Singapore)

Principles for foreign currency translation

The financial statements of the Group and the Company are presented in US dollars. The functional currency of the Company is the US dollar. The group companies have either USD or GBP as functional or presentational currency.

Receivables, liabilities, and obligations denominated in any currency other than USD are translated at the exchange rates prevailing as of the reporting date.

Transactions in any currency other than USD during the financial year are recognized in the financial statements at the average annual exchange rate. The exchange differences resulting from the translation as of the reporting date, taking into account possible hedging transactions, are recorded in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.

The nominal value of the share capital and other share components of the subsidiaries are denominated in Singapore dollars (SGD) and in the pounds of sterling (GBP) and translated into USD using historical exchange rate; the exchange differences resulting from this translation are recorded in the line "Foreign currency translation reserve" in the statement of financial position.

Cross-rates GBP/USD, USD/SGD and average rate GBP/USD are taken from https://www.exchangerates.org.uk/ and closing rate GBP/USD is taken from the site Currency Exchange Rates - International Money Transfer | Xe.com.

Revenue

The Group's revenue comprises primary income from the provision of mobile marketing services. Revenue is recognized when the related services are delivered based on the specific terms of the contract. The Group uses a number of different information technology ("IT") systems to track certain actions as specified in customer contracts. The calculation of charges for mobile marketing services is carried out automatically by the technology platform based on pre-defined key parameters, including unit price and volume. These IT systems are complex and process large volumes of data.

Records of mobile marketing services charges are generated in an aggregated amount for each category and are manually entered into the accounting system on a monthly basis.

Revenue recognition

Revenue is measured based on specific contract terms and excludes amounts collected on behalf of any third parties. Revenue is recognized when control over service is transferred to a customer.

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Group generates its revenue.

Revenue from mobile advertising services

Revenue from mobile marketing services primarily includes the income generated as a result of providing mobile marketing services by the Group. The Group utilizes a combination of pricing models and revenue is recognized when the related services are delivered based on specific contract terms, which are commonly based on:

 a) specified actions (i.e., cost per action ("CPA") or other preferences agreed with advertisers), or

 b) agreed rebates to be earned from certain publishers.

Specified actions

Revenue is recognized on a CPA basis once agreed actions (download, activation, registration, etc.) are performed. Individually, none of the factors can considered presumptive or determinative, because the Group is the primary obligor responsible for (1) identifying and contracting third-party advertisers considered as customers by the Group; (2) identifying mobile publishers to provide mobile spaces where mobile publishers are considered as suppliers; (3) establishing prices under the CPA model; (4) performing all billing and collection activities, including retaining credit risk; and (5) bearing sole responsibility for the fulfillment of advertising services, the Group acts as the principal of these arrangements and therefore recognizes the revenue earned and costs incurred related to these transactions on a gross basis.

Principal versus agent considerations - revenue from provision of mobile marketing services

Determining whether the Group is acting as a principal or as an agent in the provision of mobile marketing services requires judgements and considerations of all relevant facts and circumstances. The Group is a principal to a transaction if the Group obtains control over the services before they are transferred to customers. If the level of control cannot be determined, if the Group is primarily obligated in a transaction, has latitude to establish prices and select publishers, or several but not all of these factors are present, the Group records revenues on a gross basis. Otherwise, the Group records the net amount earned as commissions from services provided.

Segment reporting

In a manner consistent with the way in which information is reported internally to the Management (chief operating decision maker) for the purpose of resource allocation and performance assessment, the Group has one reportable segment, which is Mobile marketing business.

Mobile marketing business: this segment delivers mobile advertising services to customers globally through a Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS") programmatic advertising platform, top media and affiliate ad-serving platform.

No segment assets and liabilities information are provided as no such information is regularly provided to the Management for the purpose of decision-making, resources allocation, and performance assessment.

Revenue may be disaggregated by timing of revenue recognition:

-       Point in time, and

-       Over time.

Notes #1 specifies information about the geographical location of the Group's revenue from external customers. The geographical location of customers is based on the location of the customers' headquarters.

Cost of sales (operating expenses)

Cost of sales represents the direct expenses that are attributable to the services delivered. They consist primarily of payments to platforms and publishers under the terms of the revenue agreements. The cost of sales can include commissions where applicable.

Financial instruments

The Group classifies financial instruments, or their component parts, on initial recognition as a financial asset, a financial liability, or an equity instrument in accordance with the terms of the contractual arrangement. Financial instruments are recognised on trade date when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of a financial instrument not at fair value through profit and loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial instrument. Financial instruments are derecognised on the trade date when the Group is no longer a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Trade and other receivables and trade and other payables

Trade and other receivables are recognised initially at transaction price less attributable transaction costs. Trade and other payables are recognised initially at transaction price plus attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition they are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any expected credit losses in the case of trade receivables. If the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, for example if payment is deferred beyond normal business terms, then it is measured at the present value of future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument.

Interest-bearing borrowings

Interest-bearing borrowings are recognised initially at the present value of future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are stated at amortised costs using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses.

Other financial commitments

Financial commitments that are not held for trading purpose are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

Goodwill and Other Purchased Intangibles

Goodwill, representing the excess of purchase price and acquisition costs over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired, and other purchased intangibles.

The Group annually reviews the recoverability of all long-term assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable. The Group determines whether there has been an impairment by comparing the anticipated discounted future net cash flows to the related asset's carrying value. If an asset is considered impaired, the asset is written down to fair value which is either determined based on discounted cash flows or appraised values, depending on the nature of the asset.

Other purchased intangibles assessment

The Group annually reviews the recoverability of all long-term assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable. The Group determines whether there has been an impairment by comparing the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to the related asset's carrying value. If an asset is considered impaired, the asset is written down to fair value which is either determined based on discounted cash flows or appraised values, depending on the nature of the asset.

Intangible fixed assets

Concessions, Intellectual Property and Licenses are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation.

Amortisation is recognized in the income statements on a straight-line over the estimated useful life as follows:

·     Trademarks - 10 years.

·     Licenses - validity period.

·     Programs - 5 years.

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are stated at their historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recognized in the income statement in a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each item of tangible fixed assets. The minimum cost to recognize an object as a fixed asset is 3,000 USD. The annual depreciation rates applied are:

·    Technical and office equipment, computers - 3 years.

The residual value of an asset is the estimated amount that an entity would currently obtain from disposal of the assets, after deducting the estimated costs of disposal, if the asset were already of the age and in the condition expected at the end of its useful life. The residual value and the useful life of an asset review at least at each financial year-end. If expectations differ from previous estimates, the changes accounts for as a change in accounting estimate in accordance with IAS 8.

Leases

All leases are accounted for by recognising a right-of-use asset and a lease liability except for:

·     Leases of low value assets; and

·     Leases with a duration of twelve months or less.

Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of contractual payments due to the lessor over the lease term, with the discount rate determined by reference to the rate inherent in the lease unless (as is typically the case) this is not readily determinable, in which case the Group's incremental borrowing rate placed at the official site of the Bank of England.

Variable lease payments are only included in the measurement of the lease liability if they depend on an index or on market rate. In such cases, the initial measurement of the lease liability assumes the variable element will remain unchanged throughout the lease term. Other variable lease payments are expensed in the period to which they relate.

Right-of-use assets are initially measured at the amount of lease liability, reduced for any lease incentives received, and increased for:

·       Lease payments made at or before commencement of the lease.

·       Initial direct costs incurred; and

·       The amount of any provision recognised where the Group is contractually required to dismantle, remove, or restore the leased asset (typically leasehold dilapidations).

Subsequent to initial measurement lease liabilities increase as a result of interest charged at a constant rate on the balance outstanding and are reduced for lease payments made. Right-of-use assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the lease or over the remaining economic life of the asset if, rarely, this is judged to be shorter than the lease term. When the Group revises its estimate of the term of any lease (because, for example, it re-assesses the probability of a lessee extension or termination option being exercised), it adjusts the carrying amount of the lease liability to reflect the payments to be made over the revised term, which are discounted at the same discount rate that applied on lease commencement. The carrying value of lease liabilities is similarly revised when the variable element of future lease payments dependent on a rate or index is revised. In both cases an equivalent adjustment is made to the carrying value of the right-of-use asset, with the revised carrying amount being amortised over the remaining (revised) lease term.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Group has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and low-value assets, including IT equipment. The Group would recognise the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Receivables

At initial recognition trade receivables are measured at their transaction price (as defined in IFRS 15) if the trade receivables do not contain a significant financing component in accordance with IFRS 15. Any provision for doubtful accounts deemed necessary is deducted. These provisions are determined by individual assessment of the receivables. All receivables are due within one year.

Cash

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group's cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose only on the cash flow statement.

The cash flow statement from operating activities is reported using the indirect method.

Provisions

These are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, when it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditure expected to be required to settle the obligation, using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Deferred taxes

A deferred tax liability / asset is recognized for any differences in commercial and fiscal valuation of the Group's assets and liabilities.

Taxation

Current tax is the tax currently payable based on the taxable profit for the year.

The Group recognises current tax assets and liabilities of entities in different jurisdictions separately as there is no legal right of offset. Deferred tax is provided in full on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases, except when, at the initial recognition of the asset or liability, there is no effect on accounting or taxable profit or loss under a business combination. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been substantially enacted by the statement of financial position date, and that are expected to apply when the temporary difference reverses.

Tax losses available to be carried forward, and other tax credits to the Group, are recognised as deferred tax assets, to the extent that it is probable that there will be future taxable profits against which the temporary differences can be utilised. Changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities are recognised as a component of the tax expense in the statement of comprehensive income, except where they relate to items that are charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the related deferred tax is also charged or credited directly to equity.

                Financial income and expenses

Financing income includes forex exchange and financial expenses include bank fee.

Presentation and disclosures

Presentation and classification of items in financial statements are retained from one reporting period to the next.

Reclassification of items in financial statements is made:

-      in case of changes in the nature of the Company main operations,

-      when revising the structure of reporting in accordance with IFRS requirements,

-      prior year comparative may be reclassified to better and consistent presentation with the current year.

In case of reclassification of comparative information, the entity ensures its comparability with the data of previous periods and discloses the relevant information in the notes to the financial statement

Possible impact of amendments, new standards and interpretations issued but not yet effective for the accounting period beginning on 1 June 2025

These developments include the following which may be relevant to the Company (effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 June 2025):

-    IFRS 18, Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statement;

-    Amendments to IFRS 7 and IFRS 9, Disclosures: Supplier Finance Arrangements;

-    Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards - Volume 11;

The Group is in the process of making an assessment of what the impact of these amendments, new standards and interpretations is expected to be in the period of initial application. So far it has concluded that the adoption of them is unlikely to have a significant impact on the financial statements.