·    Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling.

·    Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.

·    Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report.

·    In cases where 'industry standard' work has been done this would be relatively simple (eg 'reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay'). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information.

·      Reverse circulation (RC) chips were collected at 1 m intervals and in some cases over 0.5 m intervals over the mineralised zone.  The chips were collected into plastic sample bags from a cyclone to ensure maximum recovery.  The samples were split using a standard riffle-splitter to around 0.25 to 0.5 kg per sample.

·      Diamond drill core is cut using a diamond rock saw, and half-core samples are taken in lithologically appropriate intervals, ranging from 0.5 m to 3 m in length, with additional sampling extending before and after mineralisation. Diamond core void of mineralisation was not a priority for the company and therefore not all core has been sampled once mineralisation controls were established. Core recovery is recorded into the database. For diamond core duplicate sample analysis, half core samples were cut into two quarter core samples, one as the primary sample and the other for duplicate analysis. Half core always remains in the core box.

·      Samples from the initial exploration programmes were sent to an ISO accredited ALS Chemex in Vancouver, British Columbia for Au and Ag analysis by fire assay and latterly to a similar ALS laboratory in Izmir, which is still used as an external laboratory for QA/QC purposes.

·      Samples are now prepared and analysed at Zenit's own internal Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory, for Au (fire assay), Ag (AAS), and 4-acid digest for all other elements.

·      Under normal operational procedures, sampling undertaken during early-stage exploration or reconnaissance is submitted to the laboratory for 30g fire assay analysis. However, sampling undertaken on more advanced or resource stage projects are submitted for 50 g fire assay analysis, where it is expected that the larger sample mass will provide marginally more representative results.

·      As of January 2022, the Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory houses two ICP-OES (PerkinElmer Avio 550 and PerkinElmer Optima 8000) instruments, two Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (PerkinElmer's PinAAcle 900F), three drying ovens, three crushers, three pulverisers and seven furnaces. In addition, since October 2022 the Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory has been accredited by the Turkish Accreditation Agency (TÜRKAK) with "TS EN ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirements for the Competence of Experimental and Calibration Laboratories".

·      Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analysis is typically used on 1m intervals on all drill core not sampled for assaying. This is primarily for geological modelling purposes.

·      Some pulp rejects from assayed samples are also analysed using pXRF analysis. This data is not used for mineral resource estimation purposes, but rather for internal evaluations conducted by the exploration team. pXRF certified reference standards are used on a regular basis in line with company procedures.

·      Rock-saw channel sampling was completed in early 2020 over 60 outcrops of mapped mineralised jasperoid to support the resource.  A petrol powered dual bladed diamond saw was used to cut 35 millimetre (mm) thick channels to represent halved HQ core.

·      Historic drilling and sampling procedures (pre-2000) were not available, but work undertaken was completed by reputable exploration companies, so it is assumed that sampling was completed in line with industry standards at the time.  This data amounts to less than 15% of the drilling database to date.  In 2008 Ariana Resources successfully completed check assaying of 42 coarse reject material samples to test historical drilling to provide additional confidence to historical Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) procedures.

·    Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc).

·      In total 26,074.7 m of drilling across 480 drill holes has been completed across the Tavsan deposit. Additionally 1,169 m has been sampled across 156 rocksaw channels.

·      Diamond drillholes comprise a combination of PQ and HQ diameter (standard tube).  Drilling on the project can be summarised as follows:

o  2025 - 71 diamond holes for 5,345.0 m (Tavsan North to 17 October 2025)

o  2024 - 3 diamond holes for 741.4 m

o  2023 - 99 diamond holes for 7,808.2 m

o  2022 - 61 diamond holes for 4,037.2 m

o  2021 - 71 diamond holes for 2,173.7 m

o  2019 - 4 diamond holes for 90.5 m (Tavsan Far North)

o  2006 - 87 RC (13.3 centimetre) holes for 1,611 m

o  2004 - 35 PQ diamond holes for 1,419 m

o  1997 - 8 diamond holes for 341m, 7 RC holes for 543 m

o  1988 - 34 RC holes for 1,965 m

·      All historic holes were drilled by Ranger (1988), Teck Cominco (1997) and, Pusula Madencilik (Odyssey's 100% Turkish subsidiary) and their various contractors prior to the acquisition of the project by Ariana Resources plc and latterly Zenit Madencilik San. ve. Tic. A.Ş.

·    Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed.

·    Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples.

·    Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material.

·      Diamond drillcore recoveries were monitored and recorded into the sampling database.  No recovery was calculated for RC drilling conducted at Tavsan.

·      Select historic drill holes were examined for core recovery at the site, which was deemed to be satisfactory.

·      Overall core recovery for 2021/2022 diamond drilling was 88% for 2,854 measurements, with 95% of drilling showing over 70% recovery. Core recovery for the 2023 diamond drilling programme was 89%, with 94 % drilling showing over 70% recovery. Core recovery for the 2025 drilling programme to date is 88% (Tavsan North Zone).

·      There is no correlation between sample recovery and grade.

·    Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies.

·    Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography.

·    The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged.

·      All diamond core holes were logged lithologically (regardless of the presence of mineralisation) using a coded logging system for rock type, mineralisation, grain size, colour, alteration and any other relevant observations.

·      Mineralised zones were identified from observation of mineralogy and lithological characteristics.  Portable XRF analysis was conducted post drilling, to provide supporting geochemical data for non-sampled regions in all drilling prior to 2023.  Areas identified as geochemically anomalous by pXRF were further sampled.  The pXRF was calibrated with the calibration disks on a regular basis.

·      Logging is qualitative in the comments section and quantitative (scales 1 to 3 or percentages) in the attributes such as alteration or mineralisation.

·      Logging of RC samples was carried out on washed samples with geological characteristics recorded to a database.

·      All diamond drill core trays are photographed (dry and wet) before sampling. Representative samples of RC chips are taken for each trip tray and photographed.

·    If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken.

·    If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry.

·    For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique.

·    Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples.

·    Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling.

·    Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled.

·      Core samples were cut using an electric circular diamond saw with water supply for dust suppression. Half core remains in the core tray for reference.

·      RC sampling:  Samples were collected at 1 m intervals and split using a two-stage riffle splitter, running each sample through the splitter twice.  Wet intervals were sub-sampled with scoop or spear. Samples were oven-dried at the laboratory if necessary. Although every metre was sampled from top to bottom of each hole, metres which were clearly unmineralised were not assayed.

·      Sample preparation technique is appropriate to the mineralisation style.

·      Splitting and sample preparation conducted on samples at the Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory:

o  Drying at 105°C

o  Crushing whole sample to ≤2 mm

o  Splitting of crushed sample to analyse

o  Pulverising sub-sample to 80% passing ≤75 μm

·    The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total.

·    For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.

·    Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established.

·      A quality control (QA/QC) programme was instituted at the beginning of the drill programmes, which consisted of inserting a field duplicate and uncertified/certified reference material samples into the sample stream.  No field blanks were inserted. Uncertified standards were typically inserted (1:16 to 1:20 samples), during Odyssey's drilling campaigns.  These were determined to not be reliable enough to measure accuracy at the laboratory. Odyssey's own QA/QC programme has significant shortcomings, but the lab performance is adequate to support a mineral resource estimation. Standard and duplicate samples for QA/QC were taken by ALS Izmir and performance was noted as good. Reporting of ALS's internal QA/QC samples have found the results to fall within the 95% confidence interval assigned to them, as per the lab's internal monitoring standards.

·      All suitable measures were taken to ensure that samples were suitably representative.

·      QA/QC procedures employed in all drill programmes prior to 2019 included the insertion of certified reference standards (1:22), blank samples (1:22), pulp and crush duplicates (2:22) to monitor the accuracy and precision of laboratory data when samples were submitted to ALS Global, Izmir. Insertion rate of 18%.

·      In drill programmes since 2019, samples have been submitted in batches of 35 to ALS Global, Izmir, to include 1 blank, 1 CRM, 1 field duplicate and 1 pulp duplicate. Insertion rate of 11%.

·      Since 2019, samples have been submitted to Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory in batches of 20 to include 1 field blank, 1 CRM, 1 field duplicate and 1 pulp duplicate. Insertion rate of 20%. The Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory adds an additional duplicate sample which is a split of the 19th sample of each batch. Further to this the laboratory adds 4 internal standards for their own instrumental QA/QC checks.

·      In addition to routine QA/QC procedures, 59% of all Tavsan drill samples from the 2021/2022 programme were duplicated to submit to ALS Global, Izmir, as check samples at an external laboratory to confirm internal Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory results, whilst the laboratory expansion was taking place and while laboratory procedures and instrumentation was being checked internally. For the 2023 programme, 10% of all drill samples were duplicated to submit to ALS Global, Izmir, as check samples at an external laboratory to confirm internal Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory results.

·      The overall quality of QA/QC procedures is considered adequate to ensure the validity of the data used for resource estimation purposes.

·      The handheld portable XRF is an Olympus Vanta. A series of 10 blank and certified reference material samples are used to check the quality of the pXRF data. These are scanned at a rate of 1 blank and 1 CRM for every 100 samples. The device does not require further calibration.

·    The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel.

·    The use of twinned holes.

·    Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols.

·    Discuss any adjustment to assay data.

·      Significant intercepts were inspected by Mr. Joe Hirst (Tetra Tech Competent Person) during the site inspection in 2018. Data input has been completed in accordance with company procedures, which have been reviewed by Tetra Tech during their MRE in 2018 and 2020.

·      Data verification was also independently completed in 2006 by Mr. Antoine Yassa of P & E Mining Consultants Inc. during an earlier phase of exploration. 12 check samples were taken. Results were deemed satisfactory and demonstrated that the grade of gold is very similar in most instances, to what was originally reported by Odyssey.

·      Prior to resource estimation, below detection limit assay results have been replaced with values of zero.

·      Primary data, data entry procedures, data verification and data storage protocols are in line with industry best-practice.

·      All samples (30 g or 50 g) are analysed using fire assay with AAS (Au-AA23) and aqua regia with ICP-AES (ME-ICP41).

·      All samples before 2019 were submitted to the internationally accredited laboratory of ALS Global in Izmir, Turkey (ISO 9001:2008 accredited).

·      Samples taken in 2019 - 2025 have been submitted to Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory (TS EN ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accredited since October 2022), with minimum 10% also selected for check assays at ALS Global in Izmir throughout the sampling programme. Samples are chosen from areas suspected to be mineralised.

·      Since early 2021 the Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory has undergone expansion to deal with increased sample capacity. Initial verification of assay results from newly installed laboratory instruments is still undergoing internal review. Check results from the external laboratory (ALS Izmir) have been received and reviewed, demonstrating that received assay data and associated QA/QC samples fall within expected levels. Evaluations of incoming check data for the Zenit and ALS laboratories will continue to be assessed.

·    Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation.

·    Specification of the grid system used.

·    Quality and adequacy of topographic control.

·      All collar positions were located initially by hand-held GPS (Garmin Etrex 10 and 30) and later surveyed by a professional surveyor using DGPS equipment. All coordinates are recorded in UTM ED50 35N.

·      Down hole surveys were not completed at Tavsan as holes were typically drilled vertically.  However, drill holes were surveyed, where possible, by open hole methods at 20 m intervals from surface, during a project review in 2015; using a Flexit down hole multi-shot survey device.

·      All holes were surveyed in the 2021/2022, 2023/2024 and 2025 drilling programmes using a standard Electronic Multi-shot Magnetic survey deviation tool (Devico PeeWee).

·      Topographic data is collected by DGPS. Additionally, 5 m and 25 m contours were generated from ortho-rectified WorldView satellite imagery.

·    Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.

·    Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied.

·    Whether sample compositing has been applied.

·      The Resource area has been drilled as access allows, resulting in an irregular data spacing, typically between 25 m and 80 m between collars (average collar spacing between all zones is 35 m).

·      Samples were composited to 1 m prior to estimation.

·      281 diamond drill holes (16,611 m), 128 RC drill holes (4,115 m) and 156 rock-saw channels (1,169 m) were used to model the mineralisation in the most recent MRE (March 2024). 

·      Since the MRE, 71 diamond holes has been drilled at Tavsan North Zone for 5,345 m.

·      Sample compositing has not been applied at the sampling stage.

·      Sample spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the geological and grade continuity required for modelling and resource estimation.

·    Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type.

·    If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material.

·      The mineralisation is primarily outcropping at surface and has been drilled primarily vertically, with full intersections.  Some inclined holes have been drilled between -80 and -40 degrees of dip, primarily stepped off from the mineralisation to delineate the edges of the mineralisation at depth.

·      No sampling bias is observed from the orientation of drilling with regards to the mineralised structures. True thickness with respect to apparent thickness is well understood as most intersections are normal to the mineralisation.

·      No biases are expected from the drilling direction.

·    The measures taken to ensure sample security.

·      Samples are stored in a secure location (Balikoy Depot, and more recently the Tavsan mine site) in a clean area free of any contamination.  Full chain of custody documentation is used when transferring the samples to the laboratory and has been overseen by the responsible company geologist.

·      In drilling programmes pre-2019 the measures taken to ensure sample security for samples used for analysis and QA/QC include the following:

o  Chain of Custody is demonstrated by both Company and ALS Global or Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory in the delivery and receipt of sample materials.

o  Upon receipt of samples, ALS Global delivers by email to the Company's designated QC Manager, confirmation that each batch of samples has arrived, with its tamper-proof seal intact, at the allocated sample preparation facility.

o  Any damage to or loss of samples within each batch (e.g., total loss, spillage or obvious contamination), must also be reported to the Company in the form of a list of samples affected and detailing the nature of the problem(s).

·      In all drilling programmes since 2020, the majority of samples have been analysed by the Kiziltepe Mine Laboratory. Samples are delivered securely from the drill site to the laboratory by the exploration team and are securely held at the laboratory in the fenced off and guarded mine site, with no unauthorised access. 

·    The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data.

·      In 2020 Tetra Tech reviewed the protocols and procedures adopted and found the various aspects sufficient to support mineral resource estimation. Tetra Tech completed an independent analysis of the QA/QC data completed by Odyssey, and whilst there are shortcomings, the ALS lab QA/QC programme was robust.  The data is deemed appropriate for resource estimation.

·      Ariana has implemented QA/QC programmes covering all aspects of sample location and collection that meets or exceeds the currently accepted industry standards.

·      Ariana implemented a QA/QC programme based on international best practice during the initial exploration work and subsequent drilling programmes.  The company has continued to review and refine the QA/QC programme as these exploration campaigns have progressed.

·      Zenit continues to implement QA/QC programmes based on international best practice during the drilling programmes.

·    Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings.

·    The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area.

·      The Tavsan Property consists of four operating licenses owned by Zenit Madencilik San. ve Tic. A.S. ("Zenit") Joint Venture ("JV") with Proccea Construction Co. and Ozaltin Holding A.S. (23.5% owned by Ariana). Licence numbers:

o  Örencik license no: 12743, due date of 11.06.2029.

o  Kavaklı license no: 59770, due date of 11.06.2029.

o  Dağardı license no: 70484, due date of 10.01.2030.

o  Evciler license no: 72400, due date of 26.01.2035.

·      In 2008, Ariana acquired the Project for US $500,000 in cash and 3 million shares in the Company at 5 pence per share from Odyssey Resources Limited and a retained royalty of up to 2% on future gold production payable to Teck Resources Limited. This royalty has since been transferred to Sandstorm Gold Ltd.

·      There are no known impediments to current operations.

·    Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties.

A summary of exploration activities at Tavsan:

·      1980s - Initially discovered by Australian company Ranger.

·      1988 - Ranger drilled 34 RC holes totalling 1960.5 m in the primary mineralisation zone.  Ranger completed no further work.

·      1995 - The MTA (Turkish government exploration agency) sampled the primary ore zone.

·      1996 - Teck Cominco Ltd acquired the property and conducted several systematic surface sampling programmes yielding an average grade 2.3 g/t Au at surface.

·      1997 - Teck Cominco Ltd initiated a 341 m DD programme for 8 holes (TD01 - TD10).  265 samples were sent for Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and fire assay using a 30-gram aliquot.  A RC programme totalling 543 m for 7 holes (T05 - T14) was run concurrently with the DD programme. 362 RC chip samples were analysed for gold using fire assay on a 30-gram aliquot.

·      2003 - Pusula Madencilik, Odyssey Resources Ltd's 100% owned subsidiary company in Turkey acquired the Tavsan property from Cominco.

·      2004 - Odyssey completed the first of a 3-phase drilling programme. Phase 1 totalled 1,067.7 m and consisted of 20 DD holes (OD1 - OD20). Phase 2 consisted of 15 DD holes (OD21 - OD35), totalling 351 m.

·      2005 - Odyssey undertook a surface sampling programme on 11 surface-exposed gold mineralised jasperoid zones.

·      2006 - Odyssey completed Phase 3 of drilling with the addition of 87 RC holes (ODX36-ODX131) totalling 1,611 m.

·      2008 - Ariana Resources acquired the Tavsan project.

·      2010 - Tavsan is added into the Zenit portfolio.

·    Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation.

·      The property is located in the Izmir-Ankara suture zone in north-western Anatolia.  The formations present span from Jurassic to Tertiary and typically comprise metamorphosed sedimentary sequences, displaying intense compressional tectonic features.

·      The Property includes an upper thrust plate of Late Cretaceous ophiolitic rocks (Dagardi Melange), jasperoid gold-bearing silicification along the thrust surface and a footwall of Jurassic-Cretaceous Budagan Formation massive, a massive micritic limestone.

·      Through the summer of 2022, the Ariana team completed remapping of the Tavsan license area to 1:2,000 and 1:5,000 scale (See Diagrams). 

·    These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results.

·    If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported.

·    If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg 'down hole length, true width not known').

·      The majority of the drillholes were advanced vertically.  Some holes were advanced at between -80 and -40 degrees from horizontal to intersect dipping structures, or to delineate at depth.  The mineralised horizons are commonly flat-lying to gently dipping.  As such, the true width is generally represented by the intersection length.  However, recorded intercept widths are down hole length and should not be regarded as true widths.

·      Three-dimensional wireframe models have been generated for sample selection to constrain the resource estimate.  This process eliminates any bias imparted by oblique intercepts.

·    Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views.

·    Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results.

·      Full balanced reporting of exploration results has been undertaken and is disclosed within the technical report and press releases to AIM.

·      Intercepts depths stated in the drill hole information but not stated in the data aggregation methods section are lower grade intersections. Widths of intercepts are stated.

·    Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples - size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances.

·      In 2022 Ariana completed a 41km2 geological mapping project across the Tavsan licenses. This work included pXRF analysis of lithological units, petrography analysis, thin section and magnetic susceptibility studies.

·      In 2017 Ariana completed an extensive high-resolution (25 m by 25 m) portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) soil survey.  This work was completed in order to better define and characterise targets for a second phase of resource-development and to improve confidence in targeting for further resource drilling. Sixteen target areas were highlighted by the 8,265 soil samples collected, covering an area of approximately 5 square kilometres (km2).

·    The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling).

·    Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive.

·      Further surface sampling and drilling work for Tavsan East Zone.

·      Further surface exploration to test the anomaly linking West Zone to South Zone.

·      Further investigation of the deeper high grade intercepts at North Zone.