06 May 2025

Calquence plus chemoimmunotherapy approved in the EU

as first and only BTK inhibitor for 1st-line mantle cell lymphoma

Approval based on ECHO Phase III trial results which demonstrated over 16 months of progression-free survival improvement vs. chemoimmunotherapy alone

AstraZeneca's Calquence (acalabrutinib) in combination with bendamustine and rituximab has been approved in the European Union (EU) for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who are not eligible for autologous stem cell transplant.

The approval by the European Commission follows the positive opinion of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use and was based on positive results from ECHO Phase III trial, presented at the European Haematology Association (EHA) 2024 Congress and published in The Journal of Clinical Oncology, which demonstrated that Calquence plus bendamustine and rituximab reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 27% compared to standard-of-care chemoimmunotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-0.94; p=0.016). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 66.4 months for patients treated with the Calquence combination versus 49.6 with chemoimmunotherapy alone.   

MCL is a rare and typically aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, often diagnosed at an advanced stage.^1,2 An estimated 6,000 patients were diagnosed with MCL in the UK, France, Germany, Spain and Italy in 2024.³

Martin Dreyling, MD, Department of Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, and investigator in the trial, said: "This approval provides a new first-line treatment option for patients in the EU with mantle cell lymphoma, an aggressive lymphoma with a dismal long-term outcome still today. With a progression-free survival improvement of more than 16 months for these patients, the acalabrutinib combination is a much-needed advance in this challenging disease."

Dave Fredrickson, Executive Vice President, Oncology Haematology Business Unit, AstraZeneca, said: "Treatment with the Calquence combination in first-line mantle cell lymphoma demonstrated a significant improvement in progression free survival and a consistent safety profile for patients in the pivotal ECHO trial. As the first and only BTK inhibitor approved in this indication in the EU, we are proud to provide a much-needed new option to patients living with this difficult disease."

The safety and tolerability of Calquence was consistent with its known safety profile, and no new safety signals were identified.

Calquence plus bendamustine and rituximab is approved in the US and several other countries in this setting based on the ECHO results. Regulatory applications are currently under review in Japan and several other countries in this indication.

This approval follows the recent approval for Calquence monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory MCL in the EU.

Notes

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

While MCL patients initially respond to treatment, patients do tend to relapse.⁴ MCL comprises about 3-6% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with an annual incidence of 0.5 per 100,000 population in Western countries; It is estimated that there are more than 21,000 patients diagnosed with MCL in the US, UK, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Japan and China.^3,4,5

ECHO
ECHO is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre Phase III trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Calquence plus bendamustine and rituximab compared to SoC chemoimmunotherapy (bendamustine and rituximab) in adult patients at or over 65 years of age (n=635) with previously untreated MCL.⁶ Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either Calquence or placebo administered orally twice per day, continuously, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Additionally, all patients received six 28-day cycles of bendamustine on days 1 and 2 and rituximab on day 1 of each cycle, followed by rituximab maintenance for two years if patients achieved a response after induction therapy.⁶

The primary endpoint is PFS assessed by an Independent Review Committee; other efficacy endpoints include overall survival (OS), overall response rate, duration of response and time to response.⁶ The trial was conducted in 27 countries across North and South America, Europe, Asia and Oceania.⁶

The ECHO trial enrolled patients from May 2017 to March 2023, continuing through the COVID-19 pandemic. Prespecified PFS and OS analyses censoring for COVID-19 deaths were conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the study outcome in alignment with the FDA.

Calquence
Calquence is a second-generation, selective inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Calquence binds covalently to BTK, thereby inhibiting its activity.⁷ In B-cells, BTK signalling results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell proliferation, trafficking, chemotaxis and adhesion.

Calquence is approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) in the US, Japan and China, and approved for CLL in the EU and many other countries. Calquence is also approved for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated MCL in the US and other countries. It is also approved for the treatment of adult patients with MCL who have received at least one prior therapy in China and several other countries. Calquence is not currently approved for the treatment of MCL in Japan.

As part of an extensive clinical development programme, Calquence is currently being evaluated as a single treatment and in combination with standard-of-care chemoimmunotherapy for patients with multiple B-cell blood cancers, including CLL, MCL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

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References

1.   Lymphoma Research Foundation. Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Available at: https://lymphoma.org/aboutlymphoma/nhl/mcl/. Accessed April 2025.

2.   National Organization for Rare Disorders. Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Available at: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/mantle-cell-lymphoma/. Accessed April 2025.

3.   AstraZeneca 2024. Q3 2024 Financial Results. Available at: https://www.astrazeneca.com/investor-relations.html. Accessed April 2025.

4.   Cheah C, Seymour J, Wang ML. Mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(11):1256-1269. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.5904.

5.   Lynch DT, Koya S, Acharya U, et al. Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536985/. Accessed April 2025.

6.   ClinicalTrials.gov. A Study of BR Alone Versus in Combination With Acalabrutinib in Subjects With Previously Untreated MCL. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02972840. Accessed April 2025.

7.   Wu J, et al. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196): a selective second-generation BTK inhibitor. J Hematol Oncol. 2016;9(21).

Matthew Bowden

Company Secretary

AstraZeneca PLC